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Effects Of Lithium And Lamotrigine On Pregnant Bipolar Women

The Effects of Lithium and Lamotrigine on Pregnant Bipolar Women By: Jennifer Saebom Choe Introduction to Bipolar Disorder (BP) Bipolar disorder (BD) or manic depression is a mental disorder that affects roughly 1-2% of the population. It is marked by severe mood swings between depression and mania, periods of great delusions and overactivity. It is often treated with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics and antidepressants, and sometimes benzodiazepines. Of the medications, lithium and lamotrigine are two medications of interest due to their long history of treatment. In the following, we will explore the effects of lithium and lamotrigine (LTG) on pregnant bipolar women. Lithium and Lamotrigine (LTG) First of all, lithium, or lithium carbonate, is a very effective mood stabilizer (a medication that treats moods extending days to weeks, not moments) first approved by the FDA in the 1970’s. (Google) It was the first mood stabilizer which treated both manic and depressive episodes. Other mood stabilizers include anticonvulsants, medications originally developed to treat seizures (NIMH). This includes LTG. Mood stabilizers vary in their anti-manic and antidepressant effects. Lithium is more effective in treating mania. Lamotrigine is more useful for depressive symptoms. Both medications are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the prophylactic (preventing disease) treatment of BD, and lamotrigine may be especially effective in rapid-cycling BD. (Merriam Webster,Show MoreRelatedThe Mental Status of a Mother While She Is Pregnant1183 Words   |  5 PagesPREGNANCY AND PSYCHIATRY Introduction: The mental status of the mother while she is pregnant and while she is postpartum is very important for the welfare of both child and the mother. In this chapter we tend to discuss different psychiatric problems that mothers encounter during pregnancy and after delivery of the child. In the second part we tend to list various psychotropic medications that can lead to fetal harm. Diseases POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS Postpartum psychosis (or puerperal psychosis) is definedRead MorePsychiatrists and Special Population Essay3236 Words   |  13 Pagesdeviation from the normal physiological process of the body and renders the group vulnerable to adverse drug effect. Therefore it is crucial for the clinicians to have fair knowledge about appropriate medication selection and dosing while treating these special populations. Psychiatric illness during pregnancy is not an uncommon scenario. A large meta-analysis reported that up to 18% of women experience depressed mood during pregnancy with nearly 13% having an episode that would meet the DiagnosticRead MoreTypes of Treatment for Bipolar Disorder1874 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic depression in laymans terms, is basically a psychiatric condition in which an individual suffers extreme mood swings, ranging from a highly elevated mood (Johnson, 2005) to low levels of depression (Motovsky Pecenak, 2013). These shifts in mood result in changes in behavior and thinking of the affected individuals. However, the condition only affects the person mentally. Bipolar disorders in patients are hard to identify initially as they canRead MoreBipolar Depression : Depression And Depression1408 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar depression is also called Manic depression and is characterized by severe shifts in a person’s mood, thoughts, energy and behavior – this includes the high of a manic state down to the low of a depressive state. It is an ever revolving cycle that may last from days to months. These mood swings are different from normal hormonal mood fluctuations because they impact a person’s ability to function from day to day. During manic episodes, the person feels the need to participate in adrenalineRead MoreA Polar Disorder Is A Serious Mental Affliction2016 Words   |  9 PagesMost doctors prescribe mood stabilizers, atypical anti-psychotics, and antidepressants. Amongst the most popular is Lithium, a mood stabilizer. If a patient is prescribed this, they must be continuously monitored. This includes regularly scheduled blood tests and possibly the patient keeping a daily log of their symptoms and side affects to see if any change occurs because lithium can cause kidney and thyroid complications as well as more restlessness, digestion problems, and cotton mouth. OtherRead MoreThe Effects Of Neurotransmitters On The Brain3080 Words   |  13 PagesExperts believe bipolar disorder is caused by an underlying problem with specific brain circuits and the balance of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters (WebMD). There are five brain chemicals noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, dopamine, oxytocin, and endorphin. Noradrenaline and serotonin are the most common chemicals linked to psychiatric mood disorders such as depression and bipolar (WebMD). Dopamine is linked to the pleasure system in the brain (WebMD). When a disruption happensRead MoreBipolar Disorder: A Research3143 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Bipolar Disorder: Introduction Bipolar disorder is a disorder of the brain and is also called manic-depressive illness. Due to this disorder, the affected individual experiences abnormal mood shifts, unusual levels of energy and activities and atypical ability to perform tasks of daily life. As far as symptoms of bipolar disorder are concerned, they are rather severe in nature. They are not like the usual ups and downs experienced by people once in a while. Bipolar disorder has been found to causeRead More Bipolar Disorder Essay2622 Words   |  11 Pagesthe next with regularity. This personality disorder is known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is the condition in which one’s mood switches from periods of extreme highs known as manias to periods of extreme lows known as depression. The name bipolar comes from the root words bi (meaning two) and polar (meaning opposite) (Peacock, 2000). Though often bipolar disorder is developed in a person’s late teens to early adulthood; bipolar disorder’s early symptoms can sometimes be found in young children

A New World Not So Far Away There are a lot of differences between the American and Chinese culture and values Essay Example For Students

A New World Not So Far Away There are a lot of differences between the American and Chinese culture and values Essay There are a lot of differences between the American and Chinese culture and values. Aspects such as philosophy, family values, time management, individuality, and religion are just some modern examples of the many differences between these two major industrial countries. However, one does not have to come from China to experience just how different and influential these cultures are. Throughout most of my childhood, I have been predominantly exposed to nothing but the Chinese culture. When my parents first immigrated to the United States from Canton, China, they rented a small apartment located right in the heart of Chinatown. Chinatown was my home, the place where I met all my friends, and the place where Id thought Id never leave. I spoke only Cantonese, both to my friends and to my parents. I was pretty much secluded from the outside world because I never left Chinatown, for I felt this was my home. However, my parents felt differently. They wanted me to adapt the American culture. By being more Americanized, they felt that life would be better and that my sister and I would be more accepted. For that reason, my family and I made the big move to the Sunset District ten years ago. A big move my parents hoped would be a quick assimilation into the mainstream à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the American culture- an assimilation that would ultimately change my values and my perceptions of my cultural background. When I moved from Chinatown to the Sunset District, I was completely amazed at how different it was compared to Chinatown. There was considerably less traffic and noise on the streets than in Chinatown. I remember, I would have to push my way to get through streets when I was in Chinatown. Another difference that I noticed was that all the children on my block were Caucasian, whereas in Chinatown I associated with predominantly Asian.. My home in Chinatown was an old Victorian apartment with a ceiling that was at least 15 feet high. I used to string my toy plane from the ceiling and let it fly circles propelled by a mini-fan attached to the back of the plane. It was a thrill to see the plane fly enormous circles. An old radiator located in the living room heated the apartment every winter. On cold winter nights, our family would gather inside that one warm room, since it was the only heated room, and just sit there with our blankets doing our daily chores and studies. My new home is quite modern, has central heating, and a much lower ceiling. This place was definitely different. How would I fit in? When I arrived at my new home, I was quickly plunged into the process of assimilation. My parents enrolled me into St. Annes, a Catholic school that consisted mostly of Caucasian. Although I am a quick learner, it was especially hard for me because I had to learn English. I did whatever I could  to blend in. I bought cafeteria food and ate American lunches like bologna sandwiches and peanut butter and jelly. Most of my friends were Caucasian, and I joined clubs associated with Caucasians. I tried hard to fit in so that I would be accepted. I did whatever my friends did. I begged my parents to buy me trendy clothing and designer labels. The haircut I had was also very similar to that of my friends. I spoke like them and adopted their ways. I wanted no longer to be Asian. I hated that part of me. I just wanted to be American. I hoped that by doing everything they did and following their ways, I would be accepted despite the fact that I wasnt white. .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b , .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b .postImageUrl , .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b , .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b:hover , .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b:visited , .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b:active { border:0!important; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b:active , .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u350ee1290427b70e60e16b13ffa5c35b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Emerson's Individualism EssayIt was not until fifth grade that I began to grow more aware of my changed behavior. A new student, Bradford Chin, was enrolled into my class. Bradford reminded me of myself when I first came- conservative, traditional, and very studious. Not knowing any better, I felt somewhat embarrassed around him. I believed that his appearance would be a reminder to everyone of the person I was before. Because of this I ignored and avoided him as often as I could. One day, I was eating lunch with my friends and I glanced over towards Brad. I noticed he was eating one of my favorite Chinese pastries, Dan-Tat. Just the thought of a nibble of that sweet, delicious pastry conjured up a childhood memory of me when I sat in a bakery in Chinatown, enjoying the delicious aroma of fresh buns and eating a Dan-Tat of my own. I summoned enough courage for me to go visit him. I approached him slowly, and asked him for a small piece of the sweet treasure and he happily offered me some. I spent the rest of lunch hour chatting with him. I found out that we have much in common. We both love model airplanes, reading books on rainy days, and girls with skirts. We found our parents to be very similar in both their values and beliefs. We soon became great friends and as our friendship became stronger, I felt I was rediscovering myself. Through him, I found the strength to revive my long forgotten past. I was afraid to discuss my past with any of my Caucasian friends for fear of being treated differently. Bradford understood that and pointed out that I was like my Caucasian friends before I met him, and that we became friends after realizing we had similarities other than race and culture that brought us together. Race and culture is not important when making friends, it is our personal qualities that is important. To this day, my parents are impressed with the wide range of friends I have and how well Ive adapted to the American culture. The reason for this is because I am comfortable with who I am, but during my childhood, I focused so hard on changing my  ways and being accepted that for a time I felt that I also lost myself in the process. By trying to adopt my friends values, I abandoned my own. Once I let go of that superficial self, I no longer had to pretend to be someone I was not and just be who I am. I no longer hated the fact that I was Chinese. I accepted who I was. More importantly, I was happy with myself.

The village people do not Review Essay Example

The village people do not Review Paper Essay on The village people do not Immediately brag, Ill add this book in the catalog! 🙂 It is in the Ukrainian language, but you turned out to be a lot of Ukrainians, he can not fail to please me. So, first of all, this review is for all the representatives of Ukraine and the other holding the Ukrainian language A few words about the author. Luko Dashvar a pen name Irina Chernova, screenwriter. It is this book became her literary debut, and immediately won the Coronation of the word competition in 2007. Looking ahead, I will say that the two subsequent books by this author, too, have been awarded all sorts of prizes, Luko Dashvar was a real event in the modern Ukrainian literature I can not wait to go actually to the novel: The village is not the people has the effect of a bomb !!!!! This you certainly never read, there are mixed so many genres that are not immediately and determine what to carry it. WARN book in many ways shocking: it was too realistic and hard (and occasionally went) the author describes the realities of the modern village and its inhabitants, the problem of adolescents, as well as opposition to the social sectors of society on the example of a particular deaf Ukrainian village We will write a custom essay sample on The village people do not Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The village people do not Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The village people do not Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer . the main character of the novel, thirteen Katya, can be called contemporary Lolita, the whole story revolves around her love for a grown man, the father of her classmates. In addition to this storyline in the book still present mysticism and folklore motifs that give it a unique flavor, and if still add language characters, generously laced with words from the vernacular, an unusually rapid development of the plot and the absolute unpredictability of events, you get one of the exciting book that you will ever read. I would also like to note that most likely, novel designed for the mentality of Ukrainian man, but I do not think that because of this it is not of interest to everyone else. This SOI and absorbs so much that you lose all sense of time, and if you take it in the evening, sleepless night you provided! And certainly do not start it in the morning before work, as one of my friends, you have the whole day can not do anything and will only think about it!