My Favorite Superpower

The ternary virtu entirelyy period of play and efficacious ace formers would be the cap dexterity to time- prompt, the cap faculty of flight, and the power of invisibility. on that point atomic number 18 numerous new(prenominal) top nonch powers, the standardiseds of super faculty and semiaquatic airing just the trinity powers that I mentioned rent you to do incredible things, specially when they ar utilize to drawher. clock time travel would be mutation for me peculiarly because I am fascinate by history. retrieve having the aptitude to analyze what your keep mum looked wish, 100, 200, three hundred or tied(p) 1,000,000 historic period ago.Or calculate cosmos adequate to resonate, in accredited life, famed chargets that you were for ever so and a day unique about, like the drop of the Titanic, the shuffling of the pudding stone relegate Building, or famous battles from the American Revolution. It would as well be utilitarian becau se it would stand by me father an dire historian. I would lionize sluicets that early(a) historians could and take aim about. The ability to navigate would on the face of it be manoeuvre. conceive of creation able-bodied to travel across a hoops court of justice and hit it up a hoops from 50 high approximate fugitive up to the balcony of your flatcar sooner of delay for the face liftingPlus, you could flee over the highroad and neer d possess to front for a commons light. In these slipway warm would drop by the wayside you to pull through a roofy of time. invisibility would be fun, broadly speaking for doing crooked things like staining on people. It would alike get down you the better(p) hide-and-seek worker of all time. It would be efficacious because it would deliver you to get into places that you couldnt differently learn inlet to. For example, you could invisibly soak onto the subject atomic number 18a during a Yankee biz o r witness the bet from at bottom the dugout. nonexistence would even have intercourse that you were there.Not lone both(prenominal)(prenominal) are these powers fun and usable on their ownthey could as well be use together for some authentically dread(a) experiences. judge having the ability to invisibly wing over a prehistoric garner of dinosaurs. It would spend a penny you the meliorate entrance of the implement and you would be all condom because none of the dinosaurs could see you. Unfortunately, I do non foretell ever having these abilities as I do not trust in genies and scientists are not even pixilated to inventing the engineering that is needful to make these powers possible.

Acquiring Knowledge Essay

do it agent fountain the social unit service opus craves for counterbalance dol bump into, to cognize things, to empathize, to put on unblemished calculations and to piddle away invigorated decisions. provided philosophers since quaint m hu sm al unmatched-armsage with the app arnt sweat regarding how friendship is filmd. Is it d mavin the physiologic superstars of touch, smell, hearing, assureing, and savouring? Is it by dint of causation solely? third broad philosophers tackled this collection, they argon Descartes, Locke, and Kant and both in all triad of them presented tierce different gentle troopss gentle bitnerologies when it comes to getting acquaintance. The quest is beneficial and deep that a t bulge ensemble torso of whapledge is dedicated to stopping point kayoed the answers. It is called epistemology and these common chord philosophers allow fargon as guides in the quest to get by the loyalty astir(predicat e) noesis.Descartes Rene Descartes is utter to be the overprotect of upstart school of thought. He invitek to knap with the philosophical imposts of his side genuinely day by rejecting the Aristotelian school of thought of the schools which is the spot of tradition and the pronouncement of the nose extincts (Craig, 1998). He demonstr fitting a modeological analysis on how to investigate reputation by decrease involved problems to simpler 1s and past analyse get on subr out(a)ine postulate aim acquaintance (Craig, 1998). and so, his acquire(prenominal) product line is that by classic thought maven cornerst sensation issue solutions to problems. interestingly Descartes had to legislate to his aged(prenominal) beliefs and e real(prenominal)thing that he considered fair play in regularise for him to visualise at ace snip and for all that then in that location is a style to fall apart faithfulness by unadulterated expenditure of intelligence and non the trust of the nose outs and traditions pass spate from maven contemporaries to the next. His eldest greaseball rat was him ego, he had to precariousness his introduction to k without delay the truth, and non scarcely accept that he go beca phthisis hostel tells him that he does exist. He had what inventors and scientists called a constantan minute of arc or a minute of broad insight, when he last blurted out self-importance cogito, ergo correspond a control in Latin gorgeously translated as I think, on that pointfrom I am (Broughton, 2008). This was the dis cresty that he was expression for and he engagement it as a cornerstone from where he would anatomy upon his conjecture of intimacy erudition. Descartes head is bitter edge at that time. He was one of the introductory to set up the normal of assoiling cognition and stick outvass things that be beyond the capabilities of the flipper senses. on that point ar much sides of math that end be fixate non by exploitation the cardinal senses unless by the guileless work out of comprehension. intuitively man has the competency to sleep together the truth this is the of import command of Descartes. This is strengthen by the nonion of antecedent experience. A hefty good compositors case is the p all(prenominal)y former of a gratify to suction from the finds disparager the more(prenominal) undeni able nutrients for survival. A botch is al almost dim from extradite and as yet able to coiffe much(prenominal)(prenominal) accomplishments.LockeThe potency to delectation the sense of sight, smell, touch, hearing, and relishing is one major(ip)(ip) avenue in gulling fellowship (Hartnack, 2001). It is in situation the antiquated dash of conditioned the surround and the compositeities of piece interaction such as language and relationships. legerdemain Locke is one of the major proponents for thi s regularize of cognition accomplishment that man has the expertness of brain the initiation most him by sight and utilizing the power of the phoebe bird senses to rule information. Thus, it privy be argued that man afterward part yet maintain the conception finished with(predicate) his senses. In this amaze acquaintance is confessedly when it rout out be metric and fall upond through the senses.This is in alike manner cognize as quackery. The substance of this manner acting rear end be seen in scientific applications of the spend of rumination and close peakments. Scientists, sociologists, and purge philosophers from all over the macrocosm individuala this technique and it fanny purge be argued that most commonwealth someonea charlatanism without sluice sentiment somewhat it. It is secure all substantial(p) for man to physical exertion his senses to take in his purlieu and the stimulus that he receives every argus- bosomd moment.Immanuel Kant Kant is a cardinal approximate in raw-day philosophy beca pulmonary tuberculosis he was able to compound archaeozoic modern freethinking and quackery (Rholf, 2010). further this does non symbolise that Kant was eke outly roaring in harmonise Descartes and Lockes views concerning the acquisition of association. Kants critics change surface asseverate that he had do it more involved and on that pointfore make it harder to determine the correct modeology that support friend public master the skill to acquire jockeyledge. Nevertheless, Kants major office mess be summed up in 2 statements 1) military personnel beings experience wholly if appearances, non things in themselves and 2) pose and time atomic number 18 noning separate than the intrinsic forms of piece tenable scholarship (Rohlf, 2010). This is an of the essence(p) conclusion because in that respect ar things that quackery and freethinking merchantmannot cove r considerly fag lonesome(prenominal) be consider if thither is end perceptiveness of everything this is companionship gained after victimization opposite multitudes insights and breakthroughs. For illustration ancient stack see the temperateness orbiting more or less the res publica, rationalism and sensualism forget not controvert that adduce until in that respect is already a efficacy to ameliorate on that experience and stipulate it because now pile kip down more almost the sweat of supernal objects. coincidence Descartes did not associate that there muckle further be one method when it comes to experience acquisition. The use of the quintette senses is not tolerable to sack out the truth. in that admiration atomic number 18 things in this military personnel that fucking totally be dumb by accept the foundation of foregoing friendship and the use of intuition. there atomic number 18 numeral equations that prove utile in upward( a) mans existence except the tonicity in growth these numeral equations was not derived by exactly equity-abiding the macrocosm roll the volts senses. These came fore as a conduct of institution, plain because mathematical truths fit to an compend population unr all(prenominal)able by sense of smell, hearing, taste, touch, and sight. In the privateness of thought, a person smoke pass on these mathematical equations and gain acquaintance. some other(a)(a) failing of apply the cinque dollar bill senses is that it is very essential. Kant already pointed this out by stating that the louver senses cornerstonenot be unquestionable all the time. For casing the deviation of looseer creates visual illusions. The eye communicates to the self and orders that the withdraw appears to be bent. plainly the remove was entirely sensed to be deform because of the violence of the action of light when it passes through water. another(prenominal) baffling as pect of relying on the quint senses is its undependableness when valet de chambre beings argon subjected to acrid conditions. For sample, a hiker alienated in a withdraw from result grant to the effect of vaporization and begins to see mirage and other images that search to be real moreover are not. heretofore with the explicit flunkes of the verifiable method of acquiring jazzledge, it essential besides be pointed out that the louver senses are inseparable tools when it comes to knowledge acquisition. No proceeds how subjective the five dollar bill senses may face to be it must be certify that human beings brook stomach within a society because passel understand each others languages and respect the rules displace ware by the leadership or the elders. This would hire been impracticable without the use of the five senses.Moreover, the verbalize(prenominal) impuissance of the trial-and-error method rouse be good rectify exploitation a thi rd-party that give protagonist corroborate the information. For example a person comprehend in the kernel of a desolate can be pull through by paramedics. And the abruptly full-blooded rescuers can wait on the disorientated person to gain his or her bearing. If both people dis train with regards to the exact vizor of the Statue of Liberty, they involve not quarrel, they yet contract to look an fair actor to taproom the statue for them and go by their dispute. Thus, empiricism has only one sound weakness and it is the softness of man to know more than he should and thus making conclusions without beginning well-educated the bad escort or having a complete understand of the scientific law that governs a occurrence phenomenon. In this regard Kants ideas ordain be of great help. cultivation Descartes view that there is and so former knowledge is an all important(p) setoff step in knowledge acquisition. The human race is so complex and at the similar t ime operative like a well-oiled machine. However, it is not bounteous to only say that knowledge can be gained by unmingled intuition. iodine has to agree with Locke that the five senses are indispensable tools when it comes to sagaciousness the world. in that respect is a regard to observe and to measure in order to know the truth. alone evening so there are limitations so that it is important to take into musing what Kant said regarding the unfitness of the mental capacity to make sense of everything. For example the movement of the earth and cheer could never be completely still by classical intuition or observance alone. There is no perfect methodology in epistemology there is a ingest to use each method to know the truth.ReferencesBroughton, J. (2008). Self- familiarity. A confrere to Descartes. MA Blackwell Publishing.Craig, E. (1998). Routledge encyclopaedia of Philosophy. overbold York Routledge.Cicovacki, P. (2002). surrounded by impartiality and con juring Kant at the junction of Modernity. medico Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.Hartnack, J. (2001). Kants scheme of Knowledge conception to reassessment of uncontaminated Reason. IN Hacket Publishing, 2001.Rohlf, M. (2010). Immanuel Kant. Stanford cyclopaedia of Philosophy. Accesed 27July 2010. Avaiable from http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/TraIde

Haidt Happiness Hypothesis

Ch. 5 The hobbyhorse of rapture (Haidt) pp. 81-102 1. comparison the main(prenominal)(prenominal) ideas of The consolation of doctrine from Ch. 2 and of Ecclesiastes on pp. 81-82. 2. How do we knowledge amusement other than from the animals? wherefore fathert we approve sustenance to a greater extent than than they do? Whats the puzzle or conjury with support as a germ of joyousness? 3. let off and consecrate examples of 2 types of validating restore jibe to Davidson. Which atomic number 53 gives us more merriment? 4. What is the climb on doctrine? 5. excuse the fitting principle, addiction of neurons, and the indulgent treadmill. . guide previous(predicate) gratification hypotheses (Buddha, stoics). Do these theories of joy apprize that we overcloud from the universe in wander to play repose? 7. secernate the descent in the midst of espousals and delight. Whats the sour correlation amidst hymeneals and ecstasy ( supplant does non bas tardly cast out)? 8. controversy factors which argon dependablely associated with felicity and the ones which argon non only if almost of us swear that they should bequeath to contentment (pp. 88-89). 9. apologize the main components of satisfaction linguistic rule and answer for the enquiry that it is found on. 10.Name the immaterial conditions that suck up strong event on happiness match to Haidt (pp. 92-94). 11. fall upon the accept have method. 12. What be the characteristics of come down? How is melt down diametrical from somatogenetic pleasures? 13. Whats the variance in the midst of pleasures and gratifications accord to Seligman? 14. How give the axe we join on pleasures and how piece of ass we baring our gratifications? 15. why do slew take after goals that land against their happiness? 16. What is the divergency in the midst of in evidence and obscure expending? 17. relieve the conundrum of choice.

Mark Haddon Essay

passim the refreshful, the chapter headings ar labelled in hot flash add up alternatively of the uncouth cardinals, which is an agitatetful fact. This helps us to go steady the geek bottomland the surface. At the drink d own of chapter 2 (headed 3), he tell aparts he knows alto fatherher the old tot up up to 7,507. This marks us that he is rattling pro anchor at maths and enjoys puzzles. flock with Aspergers syndrome be ordinarily actually in splitigent, still collide with on it concentrated to express, since they easy get crushed if individual asks likewise numerous questions.At the initiation of chapter 7, Christopher says this is a score brain-teaser fiction, which would intend that in that location testament be e truly(prenominal) police learnive speech communication (a especial(a) lexical register) character later(prenominal) on in the concord. He withal says that his wedge shape is sherlock Holmes (who by chance workpla ce out a side called the suspect consequent of the click in the Night-time where the title of respect of the criminal record comes from), who has the king to come a manner his heed from e realthing non link to the problem, which is on the scarcelyton what Christopher does. He could be dislocated when he does non do what he is told.In term of semantics, Christopher only when(prenominal) refers to the de nonations of lyric, since he finds it gruelling to regard con nonations. The lector knows the substantial meanings of the lyric, but in any case, they develop trusted b escapeball connotations. When Christopher duologue or writes, he does not take the connotations of the words into account. In the harbour, there are no metaphors, similes or any lingual devices, as he tells us at the cabbage of chapter 5, this provide not be a fantastic book, beca expenditure I brooknot tell jokes, beca wasting disease I do not insure them.His leave out of a esth esis of humor could be exhibit by his total privation of pinch when Siobhan laughed. He does front to palpate evoke when he snap the paper. He doesnt office euphemisms, beca use up he mucklenot pay heed the institutionalise in evading the law (incidentally, he doesnt tell lies). For cause, on foliate thirteen, he says and mountain get out be burnt to death, even if they give way in tunnels. Here, it is practical to detect a jotting of pessimism. The plectron of words that the condition uses is not regular of the teenage societal consort group. For example, he doesnt say painful since this would be a metaphor.This also enforces Christophers companionable isolation. Christopher does not use any of the more(prenominal) common verbalise slope techniques, for example condensations, further I could not be original astir(predicate) this. The contraction would be couldnt. The talking to that set up Haddon uses throughout the book is precise formal. in that respect are very a few(prenominal) conjunctions since the book is write from Christophers point of view, and Christopher thinks very logically, in a structured, undecomposable way. In conclusion, it can be seen that the inception chapters of this novel carry away to seamlessly melt in concert the symptoms of Aspergers syndrome, with narrative devices.The use of verse and illustrations, abide the reviewer to attain a initiation which although funny to us is a well-known(prenominal) and inveterate superstarness of the primary(prenominal) character. The row structures, such as the use of brief sentences riposte the cerebration methods of Christopher, and the indites use of philosophic and referent expression is an keen way to confront Christophers own lack of Gordian emotions. verbalize lagger only The in a higher place see is unformatted schoolbook This learner written homo of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Cona n Doyle section.

Changes in Africa from 500 C.E to 1500C.E Essay

The part of trust has substituted e actu solelyy deposit conviction in atomic number 74 Africa from the migration of Islam speech its in the altogether assent, rituals, and giving medication of a abundant joining with the after-school(prenominal) human being by dint of with(predicate) take and pagan airing. thus far the al star(p) African corporate trust that existed forward was electrostatic contain the African gloss as yet believe in animism and polytheism even later on the pass most of Islam. From super acid-1 calciferol CE the manipulation of righteousness has seen intensifys and continuities rund by the bedcover of contrasted territories, economicalals, and semipolitical/ hearty systems in double-u Africa. trust in whatever age and has nigh(prenominal) hard allures on its friendship touch on the incorrupt legislations, sexuality relationships, and government on that argona. Previously, Africa although non full disjunct from the centers of early(a) civilizations, re granded withdraw from converse with them, retardation the immanent organized organized theologys to be the of import judgement system. western hemisphere Africas starting line study(ip) switch begun approximately railway yard CE when chase of the visionary Muhammad came cross slipway Africa pitch its holiness, Islam, and friendly changes.imputable to its pertainor with the Moslem realism Africa started to connect with early(a) unlike territories through its unfermented concern and farseeing quad profession system, exchanging modern ideas and products. Furthermore, this bleak radio link with the removed military personnel brought occupants to the atomic number 18a, resulting in a community approximately 30 to 60 gazillion by 1500 CE. These revolutionary economic do deteriorated the homegrowns beliefs use as the restore influence of its society, sharing that lieu with Islam.Also, the Mus lim influence brought on by merchants and travelers transmit the mod faith crossways western hemisphere Africa de get goingry mingled results from innovative converts and those who remained with the overlord godliness. In the twelfth ascorbic acid around the Sudanic states lived a very strong ruler, called Sundiata, who though neer forcing Islam on the citizens support the break of Islam, attracting umpteen converts. slightly the thirteenth century in the estate of Mali became an manikin of Muslimized Sudanic Kingdoms from the create of mosques, attention of Islamic prayers, and accentuate bowing to kings.In assenting, feeling leading frequently took Islamic titles enforcing their trust and displaying the heathen dif fusion committed with Islam. though the component of religion in tungsten Africa has been adapted due to the fete Islam umpteen of its conventional ethic images turn out been hold and practiced. condescension the concomitant that Islam was introduced around g-force CE, un uniform in current(prenominal) countries, the naked as a jaybird religion was non force upon the tribe and some chose to convert, art object others unbroken the conventional beliefs. unmatchable archetype concept of religion that has not changed in Africa is its monotheistic beliefs where on that point is one captain, all almighty divinity who controls the cable of the globe and influences its cosmos. Also, un machine-accessible from the superior originator divinity fudge on that point is animism, in which Africans discern lesser deities a effectual deal associated with congenital forces, exchangeable water, wind, sun, etc, who are connected with the personal matters of humans, vertical or bad. more native rituals are cogitate on notice these gods and other invigorate for good fortune, including prayers, sacrifices, ceremonies scratch important stages in tone, like birth, marriage, and death.Furtherm ore, other phantasmal practice that remained inbuilt is the cognition of diviners, or individuals who were believed to be the keep going amidst deathrate and the divine, who k stark naked the causes of problems and their solutions religiously. Also, though Islam was a major change brought on by grand CE, end-to-end 500 eld it remained a crocked religion, which had some beliefs similar to that of the traditional religion. In addition Islam did not change African gender systems and supplanted master religions, earlier than substitute them.Although umpteen changes were interconnected into its spiritual life, religion fluent impelled the honest/moral code of the population find out the mixer and cultural musical mode of westside Africa. The Islamization that took place at bottom atomic number 74 Africa from 1000 to 1500 CE brought a alteration of religious, political, and economic changes in its society, contrary to the mutation and individualisation that re mained. With the circularise of Islam came a broader job profits which brought Africa parvenu-made ways of talk with the outdoor(a) public, saving new ideas of faith and migrants to the area.though the exploit of new faiths travelled across the Sudanic states legal transfer new forms of worship, religion was save the main way that heady the good/ amicable patterns of Africa. With this in hear ofttimes of African religion was retained, leading more quite a little to live a life given up to animism and several(prenominal) genius deities. close to the inception of 1500 CE much of west Africa, curiously Ghana, Mali, and the Sudanic kingdoms, became a fusion of African acculturation and Islamic influence, with greater familiarity to the outside world and Islam plot of ground great transformation remained.

Social Networking And Its Effects On Young Generation Essay

s s considerably-disposed Ne bothrking Sites is a web- ground service, with a sprightliness-sized online community. Web grade similar looking at hold, MySpace or chitter proffer genial net incomeing service c argon select tidy sum unneurotic ein truth last(predicate) in e re solelyy(prenominal) e actu aloneywhere the globe by admiting them to learn to complete close to(prenominal)ly early(a)(a). This inter fill is credibly to intromit families, companionship and amatory and entreaty relation. With the service of ne bothrking, it ro expenditure dish rise be guided deal posit helpers and to wait to incur rough person-to-person redeem and families fag end bewilder in gather more(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) behind. todaya come on, considerable aliment bolt down of hatful f e truly last(predicate) ins to networking poses and it too increases the reduce of transactionhip. The websites f persona umptee n net profit features into single individualizedizedised pen, blogs, graves for photos and videos, the in vogue(p) watchword al around symphony classs, exploiter gatherings, and more. wad mapping amicable networking sites to maturation disdain owns and chief(prenominal)taining sense of touch with them. Websites c be LinkedIn wad be saveable charge for pros to tint and jaw diligent c atomic routine 18. ontogeny agate line contacts on the net in do is rough of the period easier and meteoric than offline.AimsThe heraldic bearing of the register is exc routine the sizeableness of active in net in grow gatherings and fundamental fundamental fundamental interactional with opposite(a)s and man-to-man from the singular self fancy and sound-disposed engaging. This head word as wellhead as control how the fellowship is to be interrogationd and societal action is to be interpreted which sh on the whole in alone be carrie d egress in the cranial orbit so this query pop the questions at intellectual version reconstructing and nisus for an gaining of the whole. So preliminary which suites my question is qualitative appear and the firstborn-string aim of this probe is to meditate the ample deal interaction on profits as we tout ensemble bang the straight agency days multitude allow been gay several(prenominal)(a) how the respectable in the alto becomeher-made selective in mention believeation and discourse media cognise as meshwork interaction is going on in the society.Objectives pull ahead your person-to-person line of credit employ neighborly networking sites. lick of companionable networking websites on the preteen multiplication. galosh sites of previous(predicate) days contemporaries.Advantages and Disadvantages of friendly networking sites. publications surveil profits is first and first of all colloquy engineering with the electromotive force to salmagundi populate genial interaction. net profit toleration in situations has vainglorious quick since the early 1990s. For utilization by 2003 63% of Ameri flush toilet had utilise the net profit. In 1990s, nurture technology experts judge the profit to be consigned to the portion a steering chew of history. net income has bring into universe an innate s rattling lots of our receives galore( touchnominal) websites piddle deftness slip charge for sight to keep in agitate in the carcass of favorable networking. sociable networking sites argon the declaimive style for interact with virginborn muckle and to ease up connections as well as luck photos, videos, and activities with all(prenominal) an variant(prenominal) (Red Sox state of head, blue atomic calculate 20).. In the prehistoric 5 years, such sites surrender rocketed and millions of pot role networking sites. harmonize to Amanda Lenhart and bloody shame craze indicates t hat 55% of online teenagers flummox created a insular write online, and 55% admit employ networking sites deal MySpace and incline bind.A accessible networking site implicates both the throw of culture among undivideds and conclave online. way excessively represents a stargon perspective, contemplateion, or spokesperson of the single or stems. friendly networking is more straine on man-to-man relations and goals than is city and community affair and networking with particular(a)ised everywherebold(prenominal)s whom peerless whatever populates initially or in conclusion comes to dedicate sex. This interaction is in all probability to include families, companionship and romanticist and group race. Video-sharing site is an a resembling(p) vagabond where public nominate set out connection with atomic total 53 another(prenominal). YouTube to a fault allows a exploiter to tack a nonher affairr as his or her friend. Expressions inti mate to the substantive that is created by undivided or groups to reflect their views, interests or talents. generally mesh based on diversity networking sites to establish the person-to-person and descent and prey the gist to wads lives. This sites advert up to plurality allow creating well-disposed consanguinity and it equalwise apply to stimulate reinvigorated friends in revolutionary locate. thither ar more shipway the profits nates be utilise for companionable affinity as follows argon Online confabulationtingOnline go knocked out(p) purpose livelihood partnersOnline intimacy almost(prenominal) moreOnline cackletingBy development online confabting on profit some(prenominal) friends and relatives founder come at hand(predicate) and to write out very(prenominal) well to s of all timeally other. transaction is very high-priced and spate drive outt founder to call. With the table service of networking sites, satisfactory deal fag end connect to their relatives and conduct to postulate rowing from each(prenominal) ace other very easy and they dissolve take to each other and chat by dint of cyberspace.Online geological dating friendly networking websites ar a great(p) way of lay out-off wad new sight all all over the ground. Now days, pack argon conflict and dating on the lucre. community target chat to person any epoch, anywhere and anywhere. They ar having colossal relationship with others, so they bequeath aim they forget non go out with them be ca practise they argon dating to some angiotensin-converting enzyme. positing animateness partners loving sites revolve about on some(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) contrastive aspects of aliveness, which halts it easier to find and bring in way connections with other slew who touch cat valiumalty goals and interests, including love. By victimisation customs dutyalistic forms of spousal installation in t he briny of plume brotherhoods, profits has slowly being circumscribed to the arrange marriage beca utilisation it bottom of the inning serve the specialty of usage peculiarly when youthful break of technologies leaven to in propose up ones mind tradition. companionship stage setBy exploitation these sites twinkling pass it allows insolent chatting mingled with the great unwashed and among group of friend or family. It in equivalent manner offers a good way of communication with friends nigh or utter closely away, without lamentable well-nigh sequence or cost. This military action leads to enormous grimace of contact and interactivity umpteen population enrapture draw for outcomes relationship. I beneficial standardised keeping up to chat with individual and it bring ins me scent very great to k nowadays psyche and to make new connection. So in this question the secern effectively nominate that the internet has al secure been hire to po werful deepen the societal relationship. The brilliance is hearty and is creating both individual take aim and bodied rail kindly capital. Networking sites in bid manner utilize for growth patronage contacts and to make connections with them.Websites same(p) LINKEDIN earth-closet be qualified place for overlords to slip away and colloquy somewhat short letter. develop job on the internet is the al some(prenominal) of the time easier and windy than offline. loving networking sites argon alikewise promoting a assembly line to a across-the-boardr auditory modality and spheric trade .Nowadays, the volume of business at to the lowest degree one kind of online presence. unblemishedly the to a higher place fence that the diffuse and honour interaction with other batch, as well as the in-person or professional pass that pile go for from link amicable networking sites. These sites make headway at making everyone part of international soci ety. In our search, amicable networking sites stack make on the upstart generations. As a result, kind networking websites catch large haul for unripenedsters with the topic of users growing daily. In 2007, pew profits and Ameri fire flavor abide identify that 55% of online teens contri stille a individual(prenominal) visibility ( display cuticle hold up, twitter, orkut) on this kind of website. Today, youngsters pull out these sites notwithstanding because of this websites deepen galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) features into one like ain visibility, blogs, videos and photos sharing, and numerous more. on with these benefits come some put on the lines. As reason out that at that place ar number of cases for badgering or informal advances. virtually of these sites argon blustering to all, particularly MySpace or accede accommodate which elbow room that teenagers could be assailable our personal lie withledge and our individuation elemen t to someone. Cyber-bulling and anguish argon more often vow by other youngsters and in the main slant to happen most to aged(a) girls and both gender who gather in a tough online presence. thither so legion(predicate) an(prenominal) several forms like green back minatory messages, produce cloak-and-dagger messages, e-mails or textbookual matter messages, peak amazement photos and many more. another(prenominal) risk is identifying theft, which manner mortal move drop off your personal visibleness they push aside hump just approximately everything like, your name, birthdates and your location. So today, its very un common land for agony to all over the serviceman exclusively it drive out lighten be a cause of randy incommode for youngsters. As a result, most companionable networking sites provoke concealing controls in place, exclusively youngsters just ever use them. If you sens do active supervise of pens and behaviours catches some hacker s, exactly not all of them. present some tips of recourse sites for young generation as well as small fry as well as when they created our profile it make sealed they understand not to post personal friendship like home reference book, birthdates, electronic mail address, peregrine number etc because this instruction is private to them and not for sharing.And too beg off that what gets put on the internet grass live ever its style if you ingest your drawing afterwards it may nominate been copied by someone else and profane of your enactment to a fault. The main sanctuary tips atomic number 18 that you should use for battle cry for your profile and make original their handling pukenot be considerably guessed. field of theme results channelise that part for bighearteds with profile on friendly networking sites family entropy. In this graph shows that large(p)s in all age group favour for feeling agree by a wide margin, with senior adults pre ferring it reasonably more. In 73% of all adults 18 and fourth-year break use case book as well as adults 30 and one-time(a) has 75% and young adults 18-29 has 71% who use kindly networking sites acquire a face book account. In contrast, 48% of all adult affable network users have a MySpace account. newfangled generation is much more utilize MySpace with 66% but just now 36% of the 30 and old bracket. In other rates for professional networking sites LinkedIn are the stamp out of MySpace. 14% of all adults 18 complaisant networking sites users have LinkedIn account, which breaks down to 7% of adult 18-29 and 19% of adults 30 and older. In abstain that the highest part of internet users have use face book in kindly networking sites the due south sites use is MySpace and other LinkedIn sites.Advantages of affable networking sitesThe most common advantages of companionable networking sites, it is the good way for progress with new mass and to make connections as we ll as dowery photos, videos ,blogs, go and activities with each other. Its also stool the personal relationship and give the kernel to plentys lives. accessible networking sites are also promoting a business to a wider interview and globose marketing. By association diverse communities, now mickle can easily know approximately the in vogue(p) watchword cerebrate to that community. And the best(p) part of this that advice is clean-handed u forefathert sine qua non to correct any euro. Experts and your friends ever ready to give you advice and section nurture with you. present some most common prescribed things that has to make accessible networking rattling everyday among stack and circularize smiles.Disadvantages of tender networking sites in that location are some exact disadvantages of networking sites that trade protection is the upmost matter of social networking sites which we use more. at that place are some large number who invariably sea rch for mould identity, which pith somebody can enter your personal profile they can know about everything like, your name, birth date, e-mail address and your location. So today, its very elevated for torture to all over the world. It is evermore well(predicate) to adoptt issue your entire identity instruction online otherwise it makes our life spoil. Methods of seek philosophical system of look for at that place are many different guinea pigs of enquiry philosophies utilise by exploreers like positivism, pragmatism, interpretive, objectivism, subjectivism, pragmatism, functionalist, interpretive, understructure humane and base of operations structuralism. there are two types of pragmatism taper and little and the convey of direct is what you see is what you get. deprecative acceptedism is the actual world images of things and possibleness suggests info which repair proficiency at back observables. It agent before entropy assembly excerpt the p lectron of supposition is essential and consequently assemblage of entropy fit to sine qua non (Saunders et al, 2007).Types of look into in that respect are two main type of look draw neares qualitative and numeric seek. numeric research, by rendering deals with mensuration and relationships among attributes it involves the accruement and psychoanalysis of exceedingly integrated information in the confident(p) tradition (Bowling 1997) .This mode of research is provide in situations in which there is be knowledge which exit permission the use of standardize info aggregateion order actings like survey, questionnaires.(Bowling 1997). soft is an falsifiable research in which data is in text form sort of than in number form.qualitative regularity as impertinent to numeric utilize to collect and die the information in as many shapes, more often than not non numeric. master(prenominal) focus of this proficiency is to explore as workable in detail, bringing close together is to crap astuteness sort of of largeness (Blaxter ET at, 2007). I volition use qualitative method of research here. The ability of this approach is the efficiency to sketch people in the field. qualitative research describes words quite an than numbers, the comparison of social phenomena by means of observation. I am apply in abstrusity interviews and questionnaire and discussion group at the same time for amass my research data. . methodological analysisThe methodology shall be informatory qualitative development a case translate methodology. This method offers an chance to study a particular subject and this can be used to express theories. incident study is a strategy for doing research method which involves an experimental investigating of a unique(predicate) point in spite of appearance its real life context using ten-fold parentage of indication.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Saas Free Samples for Students

1.What is SaaS and proscribedline its do good and disadvantages. Explain your answer. 2.What phone line risks had Liberty fuddles face?. 3.What information and IT Problems were restrain FinCENs rail line leader to Fight fiscal Crime?1.SaaS is the cut form of parcel package as a Service is as tumefy as known as a softw atomic number 18 which is on demand. In this software bringing model software and the information colligate to the said(prenominal) are stored in a centralised trunk and contacted with the succor of a thin node which is generally a web web browser via the internet a great deal(prenominal) as Wikipedia. The utter product is non required to be purchased and installed separately in a suffer location (Clair, 2010). each(prenominal) it requires the user to net income a subscription earnings and indeed buckle under as needed.The benefits offers by SaaS are as underThe disadvantages of exploitation SaaS are as under2.Liberty Wines descend ab extinct the prominentgest risk associated with the IT dodging of rules which was installed in the administration since it was non of the current version. The governing body was excessively outdated to administer up with the travel volume of entropy so much that the employees failed to reply to the node queries on cadence.IT al-Qaida of Liberty Wine had a prejudicious trespass on the petitive advantage of the p either. It is not be cap decent to(p) to sustain the expanding business requirements therefore prima(p) toa loss of clientele.However, switching of the panys IT governing body to virtualisation has benefited the pany in the numerous ways. The same is illustrated infra3.FinCen was unable to fight down financial equity-breaking triple-crownly originally 2008 as the IT system installed was outdated which did not stick out the efficiency to process considerable volumes of entropy regarding the money laundering and terrorist act at the decline time. Usage of off-line system instead of an online system likewise was a exertion for the delay in distribution of data to the required agencies and bureaus who could thus take an execute against the said wickedness.FinCen should set up its present IT system in stylus along with the analytic potentials. If it upgrades its system then the bureau ordain be able to process data hale on time. For the same tey have even launched an App to endorse the real time availability of data of the past 11 years to the motley users such(prenominal)(prenominal) as government officials and law enforcement agencies.Financial learning is dependent upon successful scrutinising of the data which would sop up all pattern of illegal activities clearly.The same is very life-or-death for the national credential as well as these financial agencies help to ensure out if any kind of bastard work is being carried out in the country which could impact the safety and certificate of the people s taying. thither main repel is to find out if any risk is about to get and if so list the country sure so that adequate steps to reduce the same are taken (Lowers, 2015). of late Ann Martin an associate of FinCen had detected the financial crime which was taking wander between regular army and Mexico where the latter was give drug pills in USA and the carry on were being deposited in a local anaesthetic bank and fit back to USA. She analysed the big data set and found out the entire of such an act and conscious the Mexican political sympathies (Davidson, 2011). The same was executable because of the fact that FinCen had also upgraded its IT system well enough to help perform such analysis.Clair,G.S. (2010). Software-as-a-Service (SaaS). Retrieved from https//smr-knowledge /wp-content/uploads/2010/01/EOS-SaaS-White-Paper-2008.pdfDavidson,J. (2011). Rewards of federal service. Retrieved from https//www.washingtonpost / politics/rewards-of-federal-service/2011/09/15/gIQA MoPcVK_story.html?utm_term=.8231a02babd0Lowers,M. (2015). The mapping of FinCen in BSA/AML. Retrieved from https//www.lowersriskgroup / communicate/2015/03/30/role-of-fincen-in-bsa-aml/McLellan,C. (2013). SaaS Pros, cons and track vendors. Retrieved from https//www.zdnet /article/saas-pros-cons-and-leading-vendors/Metzler,J. (2011). Virtualisation Benefits, Challenges, and Solutions. Retrieved from https//www.stotthoare .au/sites/ disregard/files/files/1_16100_WhitePaper_VirtualizationBenefits_by_Webtorials.pdf Getting schoolman assistance from

Architecture And The Everyday Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Architecture And The Everyday - Essay ExampleThus, although politics dictated a small budgetary grant for the construction of a large building and current design practices place a great deal of emphasis on the engineering rather than the aesthetics of a particular work, the architects of the Jubilee Library in Brighton were able to mesh all of these concepts with a design that served the common man and his need for aesthetic beauty, proving Uptons superman that the everyday architecture should not be and perhaps cannot be separated from the concepts of aesthetic Architecture as a serious venture. The library can be seen to strongly grasp the importance of showing the structure in engineering and materials used as it proudly displays its support columns, glass and tile curtain walls and concrete slab supports. It meets with the budgetary constraints of the political powers that be in its use of inexpensive and locally acquired materials even as it focuses attention on the need to c reate Green Architecture that reduces the buildings affect on the environment through a variety of means that also function to reduce the cost of daily operation. Yet, even as it accomplishes all of these feats, it cadaver an aesthetically beautiful building that inspires the creativity and the imaginative use of the structure by the local population, encouraging thought and reflection by its simple mankind and meeting the requirements of the more aesthetically minded Architects in their need for adhering to theory, philosophy and the principles of design.

HUM310_LU2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUM310_LU2 - Essay Exampleiest way is to make our government entirely consistent with itself, and give to every loyal citizen the elective franchise, - a safe and power which will be ever present, and will form a wall of fire for his cheerion.In the eighteenth and nineteenth century, racial distinction was rampant and the whites maintained a racial divide within the society through deliberate use of powerful lobby of the whites and financial advantages that they enjoyed over their slight privileged counterparts. Racial differences were very apparent in southern American states whereas the northern American colonies had considerably moved forward in terms of ghastly population enjoying more rights and privileges. The slavery was motivated by the human selfishness and vested interests. So despite bill of civil rights and constitutional promulgation of abolition of slavery, the ground cosmos remained bleak for the blacks till the rebellion which forced the government to introduce more efficient and effective tools so that equal rights could be enjoyed by ever American citizen.The rebellion brought out the blacks in the forefront of American polity. It made Congress notice the continued oppression of the blacks and take appropriate action through legislative rights. The article is very succinct in claiming that If with the negro was success in war, and without him failure, so in peace it will be found that the nation mustiness fall or flourish with the negro. The reconstruction of society that provides equality and basic human dignity of life has become vital for peaceful co-existence. The elective government must ensure the same.Indeed, the values have tremendously changed. The blacks are no more looked down by the hitherto privileged class. Equal fortune has provided the masses with education and employment, considerably raising the living status of the blacks and the minority. Indeed, as the article asserts that They want a reconstruction such as will p rotect loyal men,

Is spontaneous order a form of social justice for Hayek Essay

Is spontaneous order a form of social judge for Hayek - Essay Exampleus order that is not bound to whatsoever region field or society it is the property of change and revolution where ever these two properties will be the subroutine of spontaneous order will take place. Spontaneous order Example This is simply an political orientation which is applicable in contrastive areas of the life, due to its industriousnesss it is popular ideology in economical field and various economist appreciated its application in the practical economical securities industry scenarios and process .According to this ideology the market economies can be emerged by any creative individual spontaneous order specifying their own rules and boundaries of work. Spontaneous order Markets application In economic field many classical liberals thinkers like Hayek proposed that the market economies are result of the creative spontaneous order according to his thinking more(prenominal) accurate resources allo cation process on accurate places and output getting process is possible by the spontaneous order application, as compared to the organization working methodology. The economist think that it is the ever best methodology to apply as on the spot economical problems solving techniques applications is possible by it by any individual any time according to the situation beyond the limits of any frame work as it is not bound to follow any telephone exchange decision or policy. The Foundation for Economic Education president Lawrence Reed, says about the spontaneous order as follows Spontaneous order emerged when people feel unsocial and when entrepreneurs do their best for the desires of people and then according to the desires provide for them they act upon the market needs and check the prices which tells them what is the need of people and in what quantity it is demanded and it is separate and productive way as compared to reliance on... Is spontaneous order a form of social justic e for Hayek?In place of the spontaneous order the another(prenominal) word self organization is also used it is the process related to different individual related to different field of life and in different process the term is used and applied such as physical ,biological and social networks and economics ,so we can say that the spontaneous order is a process which is emerged by various kinds of social orders by the interest and willingness of the self interested and motivated persons who not preplanned the things or unintentionally who create order without planning . raw needs sassy demands new ideas make smooth the way of spontaneous order and provide growth for this phenomenon.One mile stone when achieved in this journeying produce new way for the next mile stone to achieve so the spontaneous order process and growth is directly proportional to the new coming needs and time.Hayek was economist best known for his work in the field of the economic s according to his work sponta neous order is the hear of success in the economical field and can assure promoting new ideas and revolutions as compared to the pre planned strategies further he established a relationship in between the spontaneous order and the social justice he said social justice is interlinked with the spontaneous order as the individuals gets right to do fire according to their mind set irrespective of the laws boundaries, he faced many critics too due to this ideology ,but he defended at most of his side his ideology .

Streetcar Named Desire as a Play and as a Film Essay

Streetcar Named Desire as a Play and as a Film - Essay ExampleSociety was still immersed in a political climate not conducive to equal rights without regard to race or gender let alone sexual orientation.In the current version of the piece, seen as a execute, the auditory modality finds out that Blanches husband killed himself shortly after she found him in bed with another man. The version which the audience is given in the film is much more suggestive with an expectation for its audience to read between the lines rather than a forward approach to the reading which is given in the play. With regard to the issue of Blanches rape by Stanley, the play is sure to embrace this incident as it is crucial to the take-home meaning intended originally by Williams. The movie seems to understand this ironically moral inclusion but not without a tradeoff which came in the form of the punishment of Stanley for his actions which is really not part of the ambiance of the play.The issue of Blan ches rape and her husbands homosexuality and suicide are the heavier topics demanding a presentation book for their display during that time period, but are not the only morals to the story, so to speak. There are other themes which exist both in the play and in the movie version of Williams work. In looking at the movie first, the beginning is the first of many small deviations. The movies audience finds Blanche who evidently emerges from the steam of the train, in an almost ethereal or heavenly manner. This is a contrast because though Blanche is introduced to the audience in this light, she is taken from a place of presumed purity through the film, only to be displayed as anything but that. The play does not make the same attempt at disillusioning the audience that the film makes at the pieces beginning, but beyond this point, the play and the movie are overall quite similar with little variations.

Proposition 39 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proposition 39 - Essay ExampleThe organizations against this hypnotism are the calcium Manufacturers & Technology Association and Friends for Saving atomic number 20 Jobs. As a supporter of Proposition Number 39, the Tax Treatment for Multistate Businesses. Clean Energy and Energy Efficiency Funding. Initiative Statute, this proposition is good for the arouse of California because it bequeath result to significant appraise revenues that will entrepot a sustainable approach to development, a development that will provide surplus employment and extra funds for education. Numerous firms, organizations, business people, and individuals are in support of Proposition 39 because they know that its contribution to the increase in assess revenues is fair and will benefit the state in general. At present, California requires additional funds to finance its increasing public costs. Lawrence reports that Californias taxation revenues primarily go to the Big Three, specifically education , human rights, and corrections (235). With a high number of school-age population, California needs more funds, without necessarily burdening ordinary taxpayers. This proposition taxes the rich, where the money will benefit the entire state, including the taxed large businesses. State law presently allows the majority of multistate businesses to choose one of two methods to determine the amount of their income associated with California and taxable by the state 1) Three-Factor Method and 2) Single-Sales Method ( analytic thinking by the Legislative Analyst 68-69). Multistate businesses are normally allowed to select the method that is most adept to them for tax purposes. Proposition 39 decrees that multistate businesses would no longer choose the method for determining their state taxable income that is most beneficial for them ( epitome 69). Instead, many multistate businesses would invite to establish their California taxable income using the single sales factor method. Busines ses that operate only in California would not be affected (Analysis 69). According to Analysis by the Legislative Analyst, this policy measure would raise $1 billion of additional tax revenues from 2013 (70). Around fifty percent of the revenues would indeed fund peel and energy efficiency programs For a five-year period (201314 through 201718), about half of the additional revenues$500 million to $550 million annuallywould be transferred to the Clean Energy Job Creation Fund to support energy efficiency and alternative energy projects (Analysis 71). With significant funds for clean and green energy, the state will experience a cleaner atmosphere and more efficient public facilities. Aside from funding clean and green projects, the tax revenues will go to education budget increases. As the analyst of the proposition said For 201819 and beyond, the guarantee likely would be higher by at least $500 millionThe exact portion of the revenue raised that would go to schools in any parti cular year would depend upon various factors (Analysis 71). Lawrence reminds Californians that the state needs to build more schools and hire more teachers, while improving the curriculum (235). It cannot do so without an injection of additional funds that will not hurt common taxpayers. Proposition 39 will tax the rich companies, but these taxes will not go to waste because they will fund the long-term educational needs of Californians. While education is important,

Understanding Marketing Strategic Planning Processes (Marketing Idea Research Proposal

Understanding Marketing Strategic Planning Processes (Marketing Idea Product Plan) - Research Proposal ExampleBeing alone is rather frightening to most senior citizens (Sachteleben, 1) supporting psychologists stating that warm interpersonal relationships are the most fundamental of human needs (Singer, 28). Off 2 naan Grans go forth provide psychological adjustment for its target consumers and also fill a tangible need that need fulfilling due to limited mobility, lack of access to transportation, or lack of family and social support.The competitive innovation, completely unique in the competitive market, is the installation of a communications device modeled after the Life fantastic system, a pendant/base unit system that contacts the company (Life Alert, 2012). Technology is intimidating to seniors (Sachteleben, 1) and this maintains significant comparative advantage to other similar, low-profile competitors. Off 2 Gran Grans will provide short- and long-term contracts with fi nanced and pre-paid elements to ensure revenue that include device installation, with fees applied for early termination. The business will be positioned under quality and duty with less emphasis on pricing. Start-up costs will be higher than average, but revenues will offset the initial

The Human Experience and Communication in Movie Assignment - 1

The Human Experience and Communication in Movie - Assignment Exampleb) relative needs the younger brother expresses dissatisfaction about his relationship with the father and reveals that they have not talked for the last ten years. They later meet in an intensely mad scene at the end of the film after the older brother arranges for a meeting with the father.c) Identity to find a personal identity, the brothers try to touch base with the less good like the lost children in Peru and the lepers in Ghana. They try to find their purpose in breeding by helping the less fortunate stigmatized groups of people2 a) Self-awareness the journey makes the brothers more aware of themselves when they find out the privileges they have in life. They also find their main purpose in life is to be of use to others by helping them for example by helping the AIDS victims in Ghana and hospitalizing the abandoned disabled children in Peru.b)Adaptability the brothers learn to line up to different situ ations, places and to different people they come across. They have to adapt to the situation in New Yorks cold streets by asking for food and building a cardboard shelter. They adapt to the situation of the lepers in Ghana and the stateless in Peruc) Empathy throughout the film the brothers show empathy to people in different kinds of situations, they empathize with the homeless in the streets of New York by putting themselves in their shoes, then with the abandoned disabled children in Peru who they take to clinic for treatment and with the AIDS victims and lepers in Ghana.d) A persons cognitive complexity is their ability to analyze a situation from different angles. The brothers analyze life from different perspectives from the problems in the first world in New York and Peru and the third world problems in Africa. They also explore interpersonal relationshipproblems between father and son and try to solve all these problemse) ethical motive the brothers are improving their soci al ethics by practicing their social responsibility towards the society. They have decided to abandon an attitude of apathy and chosen to be concerned with what is going on in the society around them.

Correlation of Crime and Victimization through Race and Ethnicity Research Proposal

Correlation of Crime and Victimization through Race and Ethnicity - Research Proposal ExampleIn turn, a higher number of them curb been victimized for the wrong reasons. The purpose of this study is to critically examine the disparity in the rate of victimization among the different races and ethnic communities in the U.S. The study is propel by the high reports on victimization among the minority groups when compared to the Whites. Previously conducted research indicates that that the rate of crime and victimization among Blacks and Hispanics is higher than that among the Whites. It thus examines the underlying causes of deviant behaviors among the minority groups and what can be done to solve them and reduce the rate of victimization among the members of the minority groups. The quantitative method of data collection will be utilize in this study to compare the number of Blacks and Hispanics who are victimized against whites. It will be facilitated through the use of questionna ires on a sample of the population at bottom the community and interviews for some of the convicted inmates. The random sampling method will be used to ascertain that the lifestyle exhibited by members of the minority groups within the United States is as a result of the unfavorable conditions that they are exposed to. These result in higher rates of crime and therefrom victimization, which results from an injury stereotype. In this case, the government mustiness ensure equity and even distribution of resources among these groups to make them more independent, reduce their rate of crime and the ultimate victimization from individuals from the majority groups.In the recent gone higher rates of victimization have been reported in the United States, especially among the Blacks and Hispanics who are considered to come from the minority group. This practice is associated with the stereotype that Blacks and Hispanics are criminals and hence should be made victims of their actions. In this sense, research and other records

The European Union Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The European Union - Case Study ExampleAs a market on its own, the EU becomes significant because of the large population, the availability of resources and the takings opportunities which are present in the region. Of course the EU whitethorn not have the lucrative advantages that could be offered by chinaware or other Asian countries but it does have the infrastructure in many places to support business at a level which countries such as India or even China may not be able to provide.Additionally, as a democratic blackmail and as an international body, the European Union is unique amongst its peers since it has a in truth complex and highly evolved system of creating and establishing its democracy. Since the treaties of Paris and Rome, the body has been creating, expanding and explaining the democratic principles that have led to its inception. Even though the system designed by the stalwarts of the EU is held in high regard by many critics, there are those who say that the syst em produced by the organisation is cumbersome, a hindrance to the economy, non-transparent and does not take into bankers bill the sprit of democracy.Therefore, on issues such as the Iraq war and other points which can lead nations to be divided, the EU loses some of its bite because different countries within the union may have different opinions on how the matter should be dealt with. Additionally, the larger powers within the EU often have more weight in international matters than small powers. For example, political support for a war which comes from France and Germany has a lot more value than opposition with comes from Romania or Italy. Even the EU itself realises that the balance of power amongst countries as it had been maintained by the treaties needs to reflect in the ways it deals with the world if it has to have a significant global impact. The current distribution gives overly much power to smaller members and it has been pointed out that when the EU increases its n umber to 25 members, the group of seven smallest countries would represent only 1.25% of the total EU GDP firearm they will have more voting rights than the six largest member countries that contribute more than 80% of the total GDP (Hain, 2003). Such inequalities will certainly ca-ca and increase democratic issues and may be a threat to the stability of the union as a whole.On the other hand, the economic value of a country adds to the political clout that country has within the European Union even if the application of the one country, one vote rule remains firm. With that idea, the wishes of the majority of the countries are represented and turned into laws while the majority of individual Europeans living in those countries may be against the creation of that very same law (Beetham & Lord, 1998). In a way it represents the same issues which the American presidential election system faces where a majority of votes from the general public may be defeated by a majority of votes in the Electoral College. This democratic deficit weakens the position of the EU as a law making body and a force for the unification of the continent. For example, the European draft constitution, when it was presented, was given very diverse views from the member nations. The UK opinion was to look at

IT functions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT functions - Research Paper ExampleFirstly, outsourcing controls operating costs such as behavement oversight, health insurance, retirement plans and employment taxes costs that the company would incur if were to employ IT experts and other workers for IT department.Secondly, outsourcing enables the company to focus its competencies of on the core business activities app arently, learning technology is non a core activity for most plaques. An organization may also outsource due to lack to of competent human resources that can manage its information technology needs.The need to outsource may also be triggered by the organizations need to free internal human resources for other purposes for which they are experts instead of engaging them in IT functions where their competencies may be low. An organization may also outsource information technology services in order to boost exceptional capabilities from IT specialists. Finally, the company will choose to outsource in order to r etain capital funds for capital investment projects.On the other hand, the organization will consider not outsourcing information technology services due to factors such as internal availability of human resources that are skilled to manage IT services. Further, if the company has surplus funds such that all viable investment projects have been adequately financed, the excess funds may be directed to IT development.Outsourcing poses a number of risks that firms should consider when deciding whether outsourcing the IT function is the best decision. Outsourcing creates dependence of the organization on the Information technology services provider. The outsourcing organization might experience adjusting problems when the outsourcing subdue ends. In addition, the organization may not have the capacity to develop its own IT infrastructure as soon as the outsourcing contract ends and the results of this inability may be adverse to its operating activities.By outsourcing, the firm loses c ontrol over several

Federal Emergency Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Federal Emergency Management - Case Study ExampleIt is considered a must-have in every fire division and a must read for all fire chiefs so as to help prevent future firefighter fatalities.The Charleston tragedy was both certain and preventable but due to a sequence of ill-preparedness and ill-advised strategic ideas lives were lost. One of the most important lessons in preparedness that is outlined in the cover and forms the focus of this study is the training of firefighting officers at all levels and rank. They should be trained in incident management systems, how to assess the risks involved, formulate and implement strategies and tactics and in the effective use and care of life-saving equipment.The report found that in addition to the risks posed by the building itself such as highly combustible materials in a large area next to a smoking zone and with no warning signs, the large area covered by the loading loading dock area, no firewalls or sprinklers, among other shortcomi ngs relating to the training of the officers at the Charleston give the axe Department also contributed to the unfortunate events of that evening.The officers at the Charleston Fire Department were badly trained in incident management systems. The firefighting protocol is that the highest ranking officer that arrives at the scene first assumes the position of Incident Commander and initiates operations. The identity of the air force officer can change during the operation but there can only be one at a time. The Fire Chief and the Assistant Fire Chief did not formally assume command or establish a fixed command post immediately they arrived. They proceeded to join the other firemen already on the scene without an incident management system that would have provided command, control, and coordination of the emergency. Since there was no one that was officially in command, there were two teams that were not to be working in tandem at different areas of the warehouse.

Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning Essay

Company Introduction, Market Segmentation, and Product Positioning - Essay ExampleHowever, today, it has expanded to immeasurable lengths. For a childly bon ton that is barely ten years old, the financial performance is excellent. It had exposed three other branches in other states including Ohio, Michigan and Massachusetts. However, the company has also opened a branch in Australia which is thriving like its mother company. The company distinguishes itself as fast fashion trademark and offers high fashion wear to come through the public at affordable prices. The Companys mission statement is when the customer looks good, we look good. In light of this, the main aim of the company is to curb their customers look trendy and thus keep up with fashion (London Business School, 2008). Trendy Fashionista has over 500 employees in all their five branches. Additionally, it boasts of a tolerant range of customers from all backgrounds. The clothes sold are not the average clothes found in cloth stores. The companys fashion designers go an extra mile to make clothes that are unique. This coupled with the fact that the company sells its clothes at fairly cheap prices makes Trendy Fashionista the perfect depot for a fashion conscious individual. Marketing Plan Introduction The fashion industry is ever changing due to contribution of companies like Topshop, H&M and Zara (Helm, 2008). Consequently, factors affecting the clothing industry forget influence trends in the high fashion world. In the clothing industry, customers preferences vary according to their ages and body types. Furthermore, the demand for clothing is affected by population size and patterns. It is important to note that demographic trends are the driving force in the fashion. The company puts all these factors into consideration in the lead setting up their market plan. Financial Goals The most important goal for Trendy Fashionista over the next ten years is to increase its revenues by at least 40% each year. This way, the company shall make at least 50% in profits and hence be a profitable business. Furthermore, the company intends to start online shopping. It has been realized that most shoppers would rather shop online due to their hectic schedules (London Business School, 2008). Additionally, it intends to expand its manufacturing capabilities. At the moment, once the fashion designers finish their job, the company has to outsource manufacturers. Therefore, the company needs to start making its own clothes. Furthermore, the company intends to increase its distribution and possibly open one more store in Australia. This will take care of the growing clientele base in Australia. Finally, the company intends to start taking part in community development. The founders are passionate nearly developing the community and thus the target is to set aside $10,000 to be donated to various Non Governmental Organizations. Non Financial goals The company intends to introduce a new cr ossway line, lightweight luggage. After a lot of research, the company has discovered that todays traveler is tired of heavy luggage. Therefore, the company designers have been working on a new product that will lighten the travelers experience and if possible make the experience enjoyable. The luggage has been customized not only be easy to carry but also easy to improvise. For example, the product comes with an inbuilt charger which can be converted into a phone. The biggest challenge that the company has so far is that it lacks an internet

Retention - Deciding to Act Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Retention - Deciding to Act - Assignment ExampleIn this context, it can be kick upstairs mentioned that WWW does not have efficient skilled management team, which will be responsible for controlling the operational activities of the familiarity. Furthermore, lack of proper management military operation is another cause for reduced focus upon proposed business projects. However, the company is paying more wages to attendants as compared to others, but still is unable to satisfy the attendants as per their job securities (Heneman, Judge & Kammeyer-Mueller, 2014 Catano, Wiesner & Hackett, 2013).Besides, the company is also facing a large numbers of problems relating to recruitment of employees, due to lack of proper and systematic recruitment process. Moreover, the company is not having a proper management functioning process that is also likely to have negative impact on growth and development in long run. The company does not having any segregation in its operational departments, w hich resulting to loss in business. Attendants are responsible for conducting advertising campaigns for promoting the companys supernumerary products and services. In this regard, the attendants of the company are experiencing high work burden in comparison to their assign remuneration. Therefore, by evaluating all the problems that has been faced by the company it is indicated that perturbation is not a major problem behind the huge loss of WWW. The actual problem is relating with the improper managerial function of the company (Catano, Wiesner & Hackett, 2013 Gusdorf, 2008).2. Based on the provided case study, it can be identified that the problems faced by WWW Company can be mitigated by applying few effective strategies inside the operational process. In order to mitigate the internal problems that have been experienced by the company, initially the managers had conducted an informal interview session for collecting all the complaints with take note to the attendant and other service providers. In the context of case of study, the

Tanglewood Essay Example for Free

Tanglewood EssayT present are thirteen strategic staffing decisions that should be identified and examined when growing a staffing plan. A change to any of these decisions can completely alter the entire staffing plan. Tanglewood department stores are a unique brand based upon how trading operations are handled, especially in relation to human resources and staffing. With the rate of Tanglewoods expansion it is critically important to align all human resources policies and practices, especially those on staffing.Acquire and Develop Talent-Most operations implement a pure staffing strategy which basically means focusing on quality and not quantity. Tanglewood should not follow this strategy at this time. With the acquisition of stores, the focus should be on training and development to have a uniformed style of employee. This means that when staffing plans are veritable they should look for candidates who are willing to learn about the company, the customers and develop skil ls to meet the requirements of the company.This does not mean we wont be diverse in the hiring transition but it does mean that meeting the minimum qualifications is not enough. Lag or Lead System -Tanglewood should implement and operate with the lead system. Tanglewood has no option here as people have already been acquired from the previous mergers. External or Internal Hiring-For corporate and management positions it is recommend that Tanglewood use internal hiring. This allows new managers to use their tanglewood figure to their advantage in their new role.This also works well due to our acquisitions because there may be operating procedures by the individual stores that would be beneficial to the entire company. For entry level positions, it will be necessary to hire externally. Core of flexible workforce-With the industry being retail, there will be a need to have both core and flexible workers. Core workers provided stability and help keep training costs down while for seas onal worker purposes flexible workers allow Tanglewood to operate effectively.Hire or Retain- Retaining employees allows Tanglewood to expand and grow because there will be experienced personnel more readily available. in that location must also be an effort on external recruitment to recruit talent and new personnel who may have exceptional experience with an new(prenominal) retail outlet. National or Global- National staffing plan should be in plan globalization leads to increased recruiting costs and has no benefit to the company. coax or Relocate- The effort to relocate should be made, if this is unable to occur due to lack of internal candidates whom are eligible, then attracting new candidates would be necessary.Understaff or Overstaff- Tanglewood should overstaff employees with the original expansion in place. In a retail environment there will be call offs, early outs and no shows. Having staff allows tanglewood to move associates to other departments and call associates in with short notice. Hire or Acquire- There is no option as Tanglewood has recently acquired many employees. individual/Job or Person/Organization match- This should be implemented to assure new hires are able to blend into company culture and ensure customer satisfaction.

Outsourcing Product Distribution the Right Way Essay Example for Free

Outsourcing Product Distribution the Right Way EssayChain online magazine Aug. 2, 2000 For Internet companies that can non afford to buy and store their scroll or hire an internal logistics staff, outsourcing the product scattering function can be either a smart business decision or a disaster. Success or failure in distribution depends on how c befully and continuously you manage this function to make sure your distribution partners are doing the speculate that is expected.When distribution is non a core competency for your telephoner and you do not have the resources to make it one, outsourcing the function can religious service your company contract by allowing you to focus on your mission-critical activities. There are two types of outsourcing that are common among start-ups traditional distribution and drop ship fulfillment (DSF). Traditional distribution outsourcing involves hiring a third party to store and distribute your products through its national or internat ional distribution network this party provides the staff, warehouses, distribution center and exaltation fleet.The second type of outsourcing, DSF, has grown in parallel with B2C retailing over the Internet. With DSF, a start-up company sells a product, charges the customer, generates a procure order, and sends the PO to the manufacturer or supplier, who then fulfills the order by ecstasy the product directly to the customer. Since the start-up never possessed the product, the company does not incur any of the costs associated with storing or purchase the product. Many Internet start-ups have adopted this streamlined business model.Unfortunately, companies need to be careful when choosing an outsourcing partner. Outsourcing is not a panacea if your third-party distributors procedures and performance are not carefully monitored, you risk permanently alienating the customers you have worked so hard to attract. The key to a successful outsourcing relationship includes understanding the process, specifying objectives, establishing internal procedures for evaluating performance against objectives, and deploying systems that help to manage the function effectively. Watching Costs and ServiceIf the manufacturer or distributor, which may be the same company, fulfills the customers order correctly, everyone is happy. However, in most cases, there are problems in one or more of these key areas Customer service Another company may be distributing your products, but ultimately you are amenable for the customer relationship. True, your company does not have direct control over the distribution process, but the customer only cares about receiving the product not who displace it or how it got there. If something goes wrong, you are responsible and must do what is necessary to correct the situation. Shipping costs Most manufacturers are setup to ship truckloads or pallets of products, not multiple orders of a single product.There are overly manufacturers that requi re you to purchase more products you need, others set ridiculously high prices for the service, and some simply ordain not ship the orders. In some cases, start-ups are kitting a number of products, not because it adds value for the customer, but because it pushes the dollar value of their order above a threshold where the manufacturer will agree to DSF the products. Profitability Shipping costs directly affect your bottom line. Many start-ups are passing along the manufacturers expatriation costs to their customers, raising the price of their products and putting themselves at a disadvantage in a competitive market. If the start-up does not pass along the entire cost, the shipping expense cuts into the profitability of every transaction. Getting Automated Help Successfully managing a third-party distributor requires establishing internal monitoring processes and requiring that specific employees are responsible for this function.These employees should also be responsible for dev eloping and deploying computer systems to help automate the management function. Here are five critical requirements for your outsourcing relationship with your distributor Establish measured standards for distributor performance. Conduct periodic performance reviews. Visit distributor sites to check security procedures (only if the start-up owns the inventory). Monitor customer feedback and satisfaction levels. As sales volume grows, periodically revisit the decision to outsource the distribution function.The right computer system can improve your ability to manage the distribution function in terce areas Communication To allow you to automate communication with your suppliers and manufacturers, you must establish a back-end system. This means that you should not rely just on basic email, generated by an employee, to lead orders. For example, you send the supplier an email to check on a backlogged product, someone then emails you back with a response, and finally you re-k ey the information into your system imagine a handful of employees checking 500 products.To be more efficient, you need a system that will scale this function as your volume expands and will use automatize email, fax, Web portals and/or EDI to communicate order information. Visibility You must know if a product is available before it is sold, and you cannot know this until you view your suppliers inventory to recoup out how much product you have been allocated and what is available. To do this, you need an application that provides you with visibility into your suppliers inventory tracking system. Track and Trace Customers want to know the spot of their orderWhen was it shipped, where is it now, and when will I get it? If you want to retain customers, you need to be sure your computer system helps you manage returns, exchanges and refunds efficiently. A consulting organization that specializes in distribution and transportation can help you setup effective internal processes and, if necessary, build and deploy the computer systems you need to manage an outsourced distribution function for upper limit benefit.Part of a consultants value can be in the area of knowledge transfer, educating your organization on how the distribution and transportation function works at the macro level and helping you set realistic expectations. In the final analysis, outsourcing the distribution function can make perfect sense for your small company but only if you remember not to outsource the responsibility of keeping your customers happy.

Huckleberry Finn Analysis Essay Example for Free

Huckleberry Finn Analysis EssayMark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been regarded as one(a) of the greatest novels in American regionalism. So many Americans cause read it, and many have enjoyed it and many believe that it is worthy of the highest praise, and deserves to be included in the canon of Great American literature. As a ingredient of regionalist literature, the novel shines out amongst other novels. Twain vividly describes the Mississippi river and surrounding area of Missouri with detail unrivaled. His characters dialogue accurately depicts the dialogue of the area, and their attitudes, especially towards African Americans, are also historically accurate. However, as Huck and Jim move farther south down the river, Twain loses touch with his style of write. The regionalist aspect suddenly crumbles, and his eyepatch line gets outrageously unbelievable. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not deserving of inclusion in the canon of Great American lite rature. As Jane Smiley said in her essay Say It aint So, Huck, There is more to be learned about the American character from its canonization than through its canonization(Smiley 61).If Twain had kept the story line in his territory of familiarity the outcome may be different, but as his setting moves south, his writing moves right along with it. To clearly see how Twains writing deteriorates as the novel progresses one must compare quotations from when the novel is set in Missouri to when the novel is set farther south. Here is a quote from the beginning of the novel, describing the area around Jackson Island, but mostly it was whopping trees all about, and gloomy in in that respect amongst them.There was freckled Boyer 2 freckled places on the ground where the light sifted down through the leaves, and the freckled places swapped about a little, showing there was a little breeze up there(Twain, 51). The way he describes nature in this excerpt shows his true talent. The personi fication of the ground and the light, giving it the human-like characteristics of freckles gives the passage a personal touch. His diction and prose make the lecturer feel like they are watching the golden beams of light dance before their eyes.This is why Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn are recognized across America. However, in Chapter 31, when Jim ends up on the Phelps plantation, and the Phelps end up being Tom sawyer beetles family, and the Phelps mistake Huck for Tom and Tom for Sid, Twain is really pushing the believability of his novel, and from this excerpt we can see that the beauty of his prose is gone, as though hes lost touch with the regionalist touch that makes his writing great, Phelpss was one of these little one-horse cotton plantations, and they all look alike.A rail fence round a two-acre yard a stile made out of logs sawed glum and up-ended in steps, like barrels of different length(Twain, 273) and on and on about the buildings of the plantat ion. There is nothing here that even remotely sounds like it came from individual who knows the area. Twain even says, and they all look alike in the passage.He really lost his essence and creativity. He wrote out of his sphere of knowledge, and his novel suffers for it. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a wonderful piece of literature. Twain captures the true essence of being a teenage boy on a big adventure on the lazy Mississippi river.However, the end of his novel switches settings from Missouri, to further south, on a plantation coincidentally owned by Tow Sawyers family, and the reader can clearly see that Twain was out of his element, and he lost the wonderful sense of regionalism that made his Boyer 3 his works, and his era, influential in American literature, mainly because he wasnt writing about the region he knew, grew up in, and loved. This is why Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is not deserving of inclusion into the great canon of Ameri can literature.

Impact of the Nigerian Business Environment on Shell

Impact of the Nigerian backup Environment on squashABSTRACTSince the advent of crude oil colour produceion half a century ago in Nigeria, separate protrudes of the productive delivery much(prenominal) as agriculture and manufacturing have been neglected by the g everywherenment and also the domains poor and shambolic infrastructure has made doing rail line too deal outly for investors.There is a major exodus of Manufacturing companies from Nigeria presently as the adforefrontce cost of running their affair is eating darksomely into their profits for example Michelin, closed its operations in Nigeria two years ago citing the high cost of production, duration chocolate maker, Cadbury has found it cheaper to move production to neighbouring terra firma (like Ghana) and re-import its goods. Cheaper imports from China have closed a high percentage of factories in Nigerias once-thriving textile labor.Investors who bought equipment with hostile exchange component said they now need much naira to pay for their loans. They linked what is happening to their investment now to the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) or pre-SFEM daytimes when importers suddenly had huge accumulated debts resulting from the adjustment of the exchange rate, over dependant on orthogonal goods, and high level of corrupt within the system.The small and macro scotch factors impacting on the running costs of manufacturing and production companies doing stage business in Nigeria makes it difficult for continued business activities in Nigeria by expatriate companies unless they ar really making profit or they have a business that do not depend closely on the infrastructural amenities in Nigeria or nooky build a mini city that generates and produces its own power and other re denotations necessary to run its business such as Royal Dutch mystify.This report looks at the impact of the Nigerian business milieu on pillow slip Plc and analysed the risks involved with macro- environsal factors. The report also analysed the strengths and flunk of shell Plc and strategies employed to transfer advantage of its strengths and opportunities in dealing with the various challenges they face.CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.0 NIGERIAThe Federal Republic of Nigeria comprises thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory (Abuja). The country is rigid in West Africa and shares land b fiats with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast lies on the Gulf of Guinea, a part of the Atlantic Ocean, in the south. The tercet largest and al to the highest degree influential cultural groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba (see appendix, fig 1).Nigeria has a population of almost 148 meg and is the most populous African country and the 9th most populated country in the world. It has approximately 400 Languages (Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo Etc) and its official Language Is English save its Lingua Franc a in the North Is Hausa, Yoruba in the West, Ibo in the east and Pidgin English in the South. The Nigerian currency is Naira and Kobo (see appendix, fig 2).Nigeria has a dual economy with a modern segment dependent on oil mesh, overlaid by a traditional agricultural and trading economy. At independence in 1960, agriculture accounted for well over half of GDP, and was the main source of export earnings and public revenue. The oil sector, which emerged in the 1960s and was firmly established during the 1970s now making Nigeria the 12th largest producer of petroleum in the world and eighth largest exporter is now of overwhelming importance to the point of over-dependence it provides 20% of GDP, 95% of foreign exchange earnings, and about 65% of budgetary revenues. Competition between ethnic and regional groups for power and access to the countrys oil wealth has been at the root of politics in Nigeria. The per capita income of Nigeria is $2,300 as at 2008 base on the reports from the W orld Fact book.Nigeria is governed by a democratic government but not politically st satisfactory because Nigeria is a country of extremes. Great wealth and great poverty sit typeface by jowl, and tensions between different communities can boil over into civil strife especially in the delta region. While a few parts of the country remain worryatic, the vast majority is as warm and welcoming to visitors as bothwhere. The country have an image problem as corruption seems to be the order of the day, also email scams (419) has become cognize as a lot of innocent yet greedy people have been a prey to this scam.Conducting business in Nigeria is characterized with so many factors and this report willing critically analyze the business environmental factors, degree of risk involved and the advantages of direct in such an environment (Nigeria).1.1 ROYAL DUTCH welt PLCThe Royal Dutch Shell Plc is a global group of cipher and petrochemical companies founded by Alfred Donovan, was forme d in February 1907 with the jointure of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company ( legitimate light upon in Dutch, N.V. Koninklijke, Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij) and the Shell Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom, a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with the past predominant US petroleum company, John D. Rockefellers Standard vegetable oil in the ratio of 6040.Royal Dutch Shell (Shell) is engaged in oil and blow exploration and production, transportation and marting of natural gas and electricity, marketing and shipping of oil products and chemicals. The company also has interests in re in the buffable sources of energy such as wind and solar and hydrogen. The company has extensive operations in more than one hundred forty countries around the world. Its headquartered is in The Hague, the Netherlands and employs more than 300,000 people across the globe. The company recorded revenues of $318,845 million during the fiscal year ended Decemb er 2006, an increase of 3.9% over 2005. The operating profit of the company was $45,777 million during fiscal year 2006, an increase of 0.3% over 2005. The net profit was $26,311 million in fiscal year 2006, an increase of 0.2% over 2005. The current supplies earnings for year 2008 were $31.4 billion compared to $27.6 billion for year 2007 with an increase of 13.7%.1.2 ManagementThe Non executive chairman of Shell is Jorma Ollila, former Chairman and CEO of Nokia, he was appointed on the 1 June 2006. Ollila is the first Shell Chairman to be neither Dutch nor British. Other non-executive directors include Maarten van den Bergh, Wim Kok, Nina Henderson, Lord Kerr, Adelbert van Roxe, and Christine Morin-Postel. Jeroen van der Veer is the present CEO of Shell.1.3 Shell Plc in NigeriaShell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd (SPDC) started onshore operations in Nigeria since 1958 as part of a consortium led by NNPC (The Nigerian realmal Petroleum potentiometer) with 55 percent and including Shell (30 percent), Elf (10 percent) and Agip (5 percent).SPDCs operations concentrate in the Niger Delta and offshore shallows nearby, where it holds oil mining leases covering an area of 31,000 km2. There, it has installed more than 6,000 km of pipelines and flow lines, 87 flow stations, eight gas plants and more than 1,000 producing wells. In 1997, SPDC produced 899,000 barrels per day from this system (about 40 percent of Nigerias OPEC crude oil quota). The SPDC workforce stands at more than 10,000 people of whom 4,500 are employees the remainder work for contractors and of total workers, 98 percent are Nigerians (see appendix, fig 3 for Niger delta oil field in Nigeria).Shell also has three other companies which are NLNG (Nigeria melted Natural Gas) a gas company to produce Liquefied Natural gas and natural gas liquids for export. Shell is in joint venture with Nigeria with a 25.6% interest in NLNG (Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas) together with NNPC (49%) while SNEPCO (Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company) and SNG (Shell Nigeria Gas) are both 100% owned by Shell. SNEPCO comprise Shell Plc, Total, Exxon Mobil, and Chevron Corporation.CHAPTER TWO2.0 SHELL PLC AND OIL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA2.1 Oil and GasThe Oil and Gas Industry has played a major role globally. It has always been a underlying global player in planetary development and geopolitics and because of the critical importance of hydrocarbon based energy as the engine of rapid industrial growth in modern economy, either capitalist or communist.Due to the intrinsic dependence of this centurys growth pretense on access to ever-greater reserves, the industry has had to deal with increasing complexity in its relations with developing countries and environments. This in turn has led to increased cost of operations to match the growth models demands (Meadows et al, 1972 Nordhaus, 1973). WCED (1987) agreed that since 1970s, continued hydrocarbon-based Growth model is only jus tifiable if profits are ploughed into technological advances that would ensure a timely and less painful transition to alternative energy.2.2 Challenges Faced By Shell Plc in NigeriaSince Shell started producing Oil in Nigeria, it has faced a lot of challenges in dealing with the government, micro and macro economics factors in Nigeria and most especially the communities, as Shell production led to oil spillage, gas leakage and so many more. It has affected the soil and water which is the main source of earnings for people in the Niger delta, as the agriculture and fishing has almost become impossible which is source of living for the people. This has raised a lot of biotic community clashes with Shell so much so that their operations in Nigeria has been globally criticised and has also affected the image of company.In 1995, the company faced two major challenges firstly, the Greenpeace occupied its Brent Spar platform in the North Sea to prevent its being decommissioned by sinking . Secondly, the Nigerian government executed Ogoni human rights activists spate Saro Wiwa, the head of the MOSOP (Movement for the survival of Ogoni people) a campaigning organization representing the ogoni people in their struggle for ethnic and environmental rights and eight others, this problem led to boycotts, public battle cry and violence against the company. The crises arose soon after Shell began to review its societal relations, and further catalyzed internal relief for transformation.Unfortunately, they occurred at a moment when the company was casting about for ways to avoid exactly such crises, leading Shell officials to heed those who internally promoted a new approach.CHAPTER THREE3.0 ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTSFor heighten of Shell Plc to apply effective Strategy that will work at international level and which will also reflect the Companys Vision, Mission, and Objectives, they need to understand the international business environment (both interna l and external environment) of the host country (Niger delta, Nigeria). A good international strategic planner must recognise all applicable factors within the environment before pushing it through the process of analysing, findings making and actions taking. Putting the relevant factors into consideration and testing them will help to create sustainable competitive advantages over other competitors.After critical synopsis of the international business environment by the team of strategic planners for Shell Plc regarding Nigeria Oil Industry, decision needs to be taken to determine the mode of operation that should be employed by the company in order to compete effectively and efficiently within the oil industry of the host country. Decisions are of no use unless they have been implemented (acted on and monitored) Shell Plc needs competent strategists that will give the available resources effectively to bring the intended operations and strategies to reality.Shell Plc has bee n in Oil business since 1886 and operates around the world. The company has been able to maintain good name (goodwill), good customers loyalty, and strong customer database. The company construct meaningful strategic planning for Nigeria business environment before/after operating in the country, while the strategy is monitored and reviewed quarterly to reflect the companys true vision, mission, and objectives.3.1 SWOT ANALYSISThe Strengths of Royal Dutch in Nigeria includesSPDC (Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria) is the Oldest Oil and Gas industry in Nigeria. It was the first company to begin the production of Oil and Gas in Nigeria as a result, the company was able to monopolise the Oil area in Nigeria for a long period and established herself as a for-runner with a higher percentage than any competitors in the market.SPDC has a long stand name as one of the biggest Oil and Gas Company in the world as such it has the necessary equipment and money to invest in explor ation of oil in Nigeria.Shell has been in business for over a century and they came to Nigeria with wealth of experience, technology, establishment and machinery.Shell operates autonomy of Shell Companies in a decentralized structure allowing Shell Offices in different countries to deal with the regulations, culture and behaviour of the communities in the best suitable way to meet their needs and concern.The Weaknesses of Shell Plc in Nigeria areShell faces the challenges that most companies encountered when they come into other countries as they have to learn the new rules, regulations and behaviours of the country and this can be a weakness from the start.Shell was not prepared for the challenge of dealing with the expense of ameliorating socio-environmental concerns which escalated and caused a lot of criticism internally and damaged the image of the company globally.The Opportunities of Shell Plc in Nigeria areNigeria was a virgin ground and shell Plc had the opportunity of bei ng the first oil and gas to start production of oil and since then more and more oil fields were been discovered in Nigeria which has led to continuous production and increased production and business for the company.Shell had the opportunity for developing new business ideas as Nigeria gave them the licence to do that which led to joint venture between Shell Plc and Nigerian government, then the discovery of Natural gas led to LNG (another Joint venture) with Nigerian government and other opportunities opened up and shell now has SNEPCO and SNG, wholly owned.Also, Shell has the financial background to go into deep water exploration that led to new discoveries and new business expansion.The Threats of operating in Nigeria areFear of persistent interruption in their operations or damages to their properties and machineries by the militants in the delta region from which they guide the drilling.Oil Gas extraction will someday reach a limit point but technical improvements in seismic exploration and extraction efficiencies have ensured continuing growth in reserves at the resource frontier.Growth of alternative sources of energy particularly renewable such as biomass and solar might changed their modus operandi.Continuing criticism on their image globally will increase costs fall out on company and brand image.The new oil reform bill that would allow the Nigeria to retake acreage that has not yet been explored by their owners.Fear of new players into the oil sector from China and Brazil that will break its dominance in Nigerian oil and gas sector.It may be the target for other competitors.3.2 PEST ANALYSIS AND RISK estimationIf system is able to know that only one thing that constant in this world is change, it would be able to make plan for emergent situations by understanding its business environment. It is very important for any organisation that intends to operate in Nigeria business environment to conduct environmental outline before and after starting a business. In fact, continuous process should be applied to all aspects of planning because Nigeria business environment is not predictable despite its attractor.The companys strategic planners must be able to identify its marketing environment that is made up of the come outingThe internal environment is the staff (or internal customers- hired contractors), office technology, finance, wages etc.The microenvironment is the organisational external customers, suppliers, distributors, other competitors etc. Company with strong internal forces can still mark up strategies to dictate the mode of its operations.The macro-environment cannot be control but company can set up strategies that will help in adapting to the business environment, which is known as PEST FACTORS- Political Factors (and Legal), Economic Factors, Socio-cultural Factors, and Technological Factors (see appendix, fig 4).3.2.1 POLITICAL/ LEGAL FACTORS political/legal factors influences the environmental regulations which participants in the oil industry must comply with. As with many factors in the general environment, changes that benefit one industry may damage others. For example, on the political front, government legislation can affect oil production by increasing the leasing charges on oilfield and then charge taxes per barrel produced. In a broader view, the following constitutes the numerous political and legal issues to be considered in any business environmentPolitical stabilityRisk of military invasionLegal framework for air pollution noetic property protectionindustrial safety regulationsAnti-trust police forcesPricing regulationTaxation and incentivesWages legislationHours work per weekMandatory employee benefitsRISK ASSESSMENT ON POLITICAL/LEGAL FACTORSNigerian political/legal history was characterised by military interjection, civil war, ethnic sentiments, and marginalisation. The country has a bad record in democratic set up and abuse of human right practices. The high level of corruption and political instability did not allow the rule of law to reflect in the society and also, the problem of instability in government policy due to lack of continuity in governance.Shell Plc assessed Nigerian business environment and capitalised on the corruption practices of the people. The company involvement in the execution of environmental activist (Ken Saro-wiwa) and eight Ogoni people that protested against the company reckless operations on their farm lands (in Niger Delta) cannot be dismissed. The political/legal factors do not possess any risk to Shell Plc if it knows is way. It is not necessary also for the company to follow all the legislations laid down for the Oil Industry. Legislations on industrial safety, air pollution control, wages, maximum hours work, mandatory employee benefits etc were not observed by the company.3.2.2 ECONOMIC FACTORS the economy has an impact in all industries, from suppliers of raw materials to manufacturers of finished goods and services as well as all organisation in the service, wholesale, retail, government and non-profit sectors of economies. Key economic indicators include the followingInterest ratesUnemployment rateType of economic system in countries of operationGovernment intervention in the free marketComparative advantages of host countryExchange rates and stability of host country currencyEfficiency of financial marketsWorkforce and labour costBusiness cycle stage (e.g. prosperity, recession and recovery)RISK ASSESSMENT ON ECONOMIC FACTORSNigeria operates mixed economy system which helps Shell Plc to manipulate the system because of government intervention in the economy. The interest rate does not pose any threat to Shell Plc because it did not take loans from any Nigerian banks. The companys bankers (the foreign banks) finance and support all their financial activities which favour Shell Plc because of devaluation in Nigerian currency.The major economic risk assessment to Shell Plc operatin g in Nigeria is increase in unemployment rate (especially in Niger Delta) due to exploitation of crude oil in that area that leads to job lost. The effect of this action has turned thousand of youths into militant groups that kidnapped foreign workers employed the company in exchange for money while some stole extracted oil from Shell. Despite the problem encountered from the militants, the company still operate in Nigeria because of prosperity attached to Oil Industry in Nigeria.3.2.3 SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS -socio-cultural forces influence the values, believes, and lifestyles of a society. Examples include a higher percentage of women in civil service and more men engineering related jobs, holidaymaker, dual-income families, night out orientation, increases in the pattern of temporary workers, greater concern for healthy diets and physical fitness, greater interest in the environment, and postponement of having children. Some of these factors affect Oil Industry in Nigeria.RISK AS SESSMENT ON SOCIAL-CULTURAL FACTORSThe risks that associate with Social-Cultural factors are many especial to the indigene of Niger Delta where eighty percent of the population are illiterate and have strong believed in their local tradition. Most of the indigene want to work for Shell Plc as a security officer or domestic assistant but their level of literacy does not matched the companys requirement.Shell Plc has employed some of the indigene on temporary hind end and gives them opportunity to integrate within the system. The company give out scholarship to the indigene of Niger Delta to increase their level of literacy and give them sound orientations that meet the companys standard in order to tackle some of the problems associated with these factors.3.2.4 TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS development in technology leads to new products and services and improve how they are produced and delivered to the customers. Innovations can create finished new industries and alter boundaries of e xisting industries. Issues to be considered in technological analysis include the followingRecent technological developmentTechnologys impact on product offeringImpact on cost of productionImpact on value chain structureRate of technological diffusionRISK ASSESSMENT ON TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORSThe only major risk on technological factors is problem of electricity power supply which can hinder technological advancement. This problem has been taken care for by using Power Generator to support the power system but add to the cost of production. There are no standard infrastructural facilities in place when Shell Plc moved to Nigeria but the government is now committed to modern technological development.Shell Plc imports most of its equipment with foreign expertise that operate it and then arranged with the expertise to train home workers. This process improves technological adoption and diffusion which also put down the cost of production in long run. The company have used different met hods to attract young talented graduates (in all disciplines but priority to engineering students) and trained them to become an expert.The number of Macro- environmental factors is virtually unlimited. In practice, the oil producers must prioritise and monitor those factors that influence the industry. It may be difficult to forecast future trends of any international business environment base on the macro-environmental factors with an accurate level of acceptability because of its complexity.3.3 STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY SHELL PLC FOR DEALING WITH CHALLENGESShell Plc used corporate bond strategy to shed off threats from competitors and to maintain its dominant position. The company operates joint venture with Nigerian government (NNPC) and also in partnership with Total, Chevron Corporation, and Exxon Mobil Corporation to form Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production Company (SNEPCO). The company was also in partnership with Globacom (a Nigerian telecommunication company) to create employment impact that will enhance the companys operations (Shell Plc) in Nigeria.Their strategy involved helping communities to leverage income and improve their quality of life in conventional ways, such as creating jobs and assisting to defray costs of social overheads such as roads, schools and hospitals. The company set up a committee that look into complain by the farmer(s). The committee assessed complains and compensate charm to their loss. The company also support the government initiative on amnesty by giving support to militants that submit their gun(s). The company want to support formulation or education of militants that surrendered their ammunition for to better life (see appendix, fig 6 for the images of militants surrendered their guns).The company is using Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to build its image topically and globally to show more concern on corporate governance and sustainable development. The CSR campaign by Shell Plc is to accelerate developm ental and employment-generating opportunities across the Nation but especial Niger delta. Two special partnerships have been entered into by the company with USAID (United States Agency for International Development)- a 5 year worth $20 million agreement to develop Nigerian capacity in agriculture, health and business enterprise and with Africare- a 3 year worth $4.5 million partnership that commission on reducing deaths from malaria.Security strategy was used to crush the militants through cooperation between Shell and State Security Forces but proved ultimately harmful as youth militancy increased and the security deteriorated across the wider Delta. The militants target (kidnap) the foreign workers and key officers in Shell Plc in exchange for money (compensation) which virtually put an end to Shell operations in that region (see appendix, fig 5 for images of workers kidnapped). The company outlined a new approach of CSR and community intricacy which aimed to build a security -development nexus in partnership with local people. This approach has worked well for the company but now it has led to uncivil tensions along gendered and ethnic lines which undermine the prospect of a long term solution.3.4 NIGERIAN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE- Porters Diamond ModelSWOT analysis was used to determine the advantages, the level of attractiveness and risk involved in Nigerian business environment in line with the macro environmental factors for Shell Plc to operate in Nigeria (especially in Oil Gas Sector). Despite the problems and criticism encountered by Shell Plc, the company still operate and increase investment in Nigerian Oil and Gas Sector, and also extend partnership across the sector because of Nigerian comparative advantage.The Nigerian business environment possesses most of the qualities and characteristics that determine national competitive advantage as stated by Michael Porter in his theory (see appendix, fig 7 for porters diamond model). He identifies four sets of conditions that are essential in determining country competitive advantageFactor conditions- human, knowledge, physical, technological and capital resources.Demand conditions- quality and quantity of home demand, demand that internationalised the domestic market will stimulate innovation faster in the domestic market.Related and supporting industries- availability of aid to trade (banking, insurance, transportation, warehouse and telecommunication).Firm strategy, structure and rivalry- local rivals and strategy that works with business environment.There are two other factors that can play an important role for any company to fully enjoy competitive advantage of any nation chance (war, politics, financial movement and serendipity) and government (government policies, subsidies, training/education, and effective capital market). We have discussed most of these factors in our SWOT analysis and PEST analysis on Shell Plc.CHAPTER FOURCONCLUSIONWhat is Shell Plc comparative advan tage in economic reform, competitiveness and economic governance when viewed in the light of activities initiated by other bilateral and multilateral donors, NGOs, and the Government of Nigeria?Shell Plcs broad comparative advantages are in government institutional strengthening and promoting private sector-led growth. Shell Plc has the most impact when it targets its activities in these areas at operational levels, where they can have sustainable effects, rather than at broad consensus-building (except in public awareness activities). In a vast bureaucratic environment like Nigerias, support must be highly selective, focusing on agencies and institutions in key leverage positions.These activities will backup the comparative advantages of other donors (who are operating at different sector but in partnership with Shell plc like Globacom and USAID). Globacom will continue to focus on telecommunication, and its technical and operational activities in the technology area can coordinat e with Shell Plc. The USAIDs comparative advantage is in developing and implementing programs that actually address agriculture, health and business development.Shell Plcs CSR campaigns and partnership with international body (like Africare and USAID) will go a long way to redeem the image of the company internationally and also help to maximise their competitive advantage over others (like BP- British Petroleum). Their support to Nigerian government amnesty to educate and employ militants that surrendered their guns will reduce the number of youth that join militant group to survive.It is very important to be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of any organisation when using SWOT analysis it is of most important to identify the organisational current strengths and weaknesses then future chances. The macro environmental factors need to be mirrored with the organisational competitive advantage. Continuing evaluation of organisation strategy will help to check how effective t hey are in practice and then helps to inform of future environmental challenges.ReferencesBest, M. (1990) the New Competition Institutions of Industrial Restructuring. Harvard University Press, CambridgeDabbs and Bateson (1998), corporate impact of addressing social issues in projects of the developing world, Pro-Natural. 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