Ethics & Social Responsability in Strategic Management Essay

Ethics & complaisant Responsability in Strategic Management - Essay Examplecould result in delay in proviso of any one of them and consequently delay the launch.The delay in projects, especially when the dates are announced, may eat on the reputation because the businesses build their credibility on the efficient and timely delivery of their projected target objectives. vulgar trust between business partners is also an important part of business processes and withholding of crucial nurture corrodes their credibility in the market that may result in loss of business in future.The companies had non been able to launch winnerfully a commercial satellite primarily because it not only is graduate(prenominal) cost venture with costly software and hardware, the amount of contract is also strung-out on the size of the anticipated market, the number of competitors and the whether the imageries would be used by the military and local agencies. Secondly in the courting of the delays i n launch, the preferences of the market may change, resulting in huge financial and business loss.Satellite programs are dependent on the venture capitalists for their finance and in case, they are not able to acquire advance contracts or their rivals are able to gain leverage, the venture capitalists are likely to withdraw from the business that may pull up the companies to stop production, leading to bankruptcy. The venture capitalists look for companies that could acquire advance contracts so as to ensure success for their investment.The current problem mainly cropped up because there was great chances of delay in the officially express launch date of the satellite due to the fact that the satellite camera sub contractor was having problems with the exploitation of thermal stabilizers for the instruments. The development of the thermal stabilizers could take up more time, thus delaying the launch by dozen to eighteen months. If the launch date is officially delayed and advanc ed by another one year, the alliance is

Jean Paul Marat during the French Revolution Essay

Jean Paul Marat during the French gyration - Essay ExampleThey were staunch opponents of much moderate Girodins (also termed as Brissotin means loose partnership of republican pols) who after losing power in 1793 were had to face the die hard of terror instituted by Montagnards in form of 21 Girodins guillotined by ruling Montagnards and relief factor came to them in 1794 with the end of Montagnard regime. Jean Paul Marat is one bulge of various reasons which stirred the revolution including the ever-growing elite conformation, the heavy taxing and cruel feudal system, tyranny on the peasants and crop failure in France in 1788. But he owns central significance while beingness the leader of radical Montagnards alone. Marat had four occupations and he excelled in all. (1)Marat became a successful doctor in capital of the United Kingdom after having obscure years in France. In 1770s he published many books on scientific and philosophical ideas and philosophies. A philosophical ess ay on man (1773) met huge success. While his political arrive at included a chain of slavery (1774).On his return to France he was appointed as a physician to the personal guards of younger brother of the king. On witnessing the grave circumstances of his country he cerebrate the monarchy is the root of all evils in France and this thought, he later developed in to a movement tether to French revolution.He became editor of a newspaper LAmi du Peuple (the friend of people) in 1789 and initiated his ruthless, relentless and sharp attacks on aristocracy, that included elite class , royal family and Politicians including kings finance minister . It was a voice of the suppressed class of France, the poor, and it gave them awareness as well as stabilized Marats influential commonity. In 1790, he addressed his readers, 5 or six hundred heads cut off would have assured your repose, freedom, and happiness. A false manhood has held your arms and suspended your blows because of this millio ns of your brothers will lose their lives (2) The national assembly was shocked and scared now, it sentenced him a month in prison but Marat hided himself and carried on his campaign being behind the scene. Now, the inspirational leader and politician emerged in him.His role as political leader Marat as a delegate to national crowd in 1790-91 supported graduated income tax, short term of military service, benefits and schemes for the poor etc publically but within he hated to be a part of aristocracy, and solution to get rid of loathsome Aristocrats was a revolution and just a revolution not passing bills and resolutions. Firstly, he favored the execution of anti-revolutionaries.Secondly, since he was a revolutionary by mind, he supported extremism and radical group to get rid of imperial family and elite class, this movement was called Montagnard movement which in one year of their rule assassinated hundreds of thousands in reign of terror, later, Girodins were first target and were targeted severely. Thirdly, he advocated a temporary dictatorship which could deal with emergency in the country. mavin to one battle and Marats climax In later two years he became very popular and enjoyed outrageous support by his fellow Persian Leader Georges Danton and Persian people not exactly in street

Theories on crimes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theories on crimes - Case Study ExampleHarvey Robinson was a teenager successive killer who killed and raped Charlotte Schmoyer - another fellow teenager- in 1993, he also assaulted numerous women. According to Ramsland (2012), there was evidence of blood and abandoned shoes where it was later discovered that the girl had also been stabbed in the woods. In committing the crime of rape and murder, Harvey had gone back to the scene of a previous crime scene when he chanced upon Charlotte who was the perfect victim in an isolated place. Serial killers who rape and kill are a high-flown kind as evidenced by the involvement of the FBI in most of the cases.This theory explains the prevalence of shepherds crook behavior in that the fell makes sane choices when committing crimes. The reasons behind committing crimes could be due to personal pauperisms alike(p) anger, lust or greed. This theory basis its ideas on the classical school of thought in criminology, which posits that indivi duals throw a free will to choose their actions both good and bad while threats of punishment and sanctions dissuade criminal acts (Siegel, 2009).Furthermore, the choice theory points out that there are three actors of criminal behavior rational actor, predestined actor, and the victimized actor. For rational actors, there is a choice on whether to commit a criminal act which is manageable with an imposition of penalties. The predestined actor commits crime without any control over their proneness and surroundings. These actors are stimulated before they commit crimes. In order to enhance deterrence, there is a need to change the psychological, social, and biological environment. The victimized actor appears since there are disparities in the society this ought to be turn to through enacting laws.The choice theory is useful in explaining the crimes given that Robinson stalked other victims then he made rational

Inter-Professional Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Inter-Professional Practice - Essay ExampleI am further hoping to increase my networking skills to enable me to relate better with others and to stay informed in advance.The route I leave behind achieve these goals is by trusting myself more and not holding sanction when I feel I need to express myself. To develop my assertiveness, I get out challenge myself by prosecute risk. To avoid being directed by others, I will have to train myself to be stronger and to jut out my ground. This will also allow me to express my opinion more confidently. To avoid internal distractions, I will train myself to focus more on the subject and less on the contextual emotions at play. The risks I will pursue will include taking a more proactive role, not and in groups, but also in classes. This will require and also allow me to push my limits. To repair my networks, I will build a better rapport with group members. I will move with them at a personal level and establish contacts with them.I am f amiliar of some of the barriers that I will face that will make it difficult for me to achieve my goals. I am influenced and held back. I melt to become distracted easily and this will interfere with my listening skills. Low levels of confidence in myself will bar my assertiveness endeavours and my desire to network. The barrier to developing self-confidence is in turn a devotion of being judged.To subjugate being influenced, I will have to assess what caused me to be influenced or held back and prepare myself for similar scenarios in future. I will need to improve my self esteem and subordinate other barriers to self-confidence by training myself to pay less attention to judgement by others. better my self-confidence will then allow me to become more assertive and to form more networks. To overcome distractions during listening, I plan to train myself to pay attention first during small forums and increase the size with progress. I also plan to eliminate distractions by removi ng them and reintroducing

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Immunodeficiency virus - Essay ExampleHeterosexual infection remains the primary route of transmission for the virus in the country. human immunodeficiency virus is rapidly transforming itself into a different disease which kernel that innovative and creative strategies need to be formulated for achieving optimum results. Information exchange and entrywayibility is another strategy that tidy sum break away to higher-up outcomes. A preventive strategy needs to be modified so that poor and marginalized communities have access to resources. The NHS should strive to develop a coordinated database that can be sh bed by private wellness organizations and voluntary organizations. This can be used to ensure that superior treatments are available for patients belonging to undefended and susceptible risk stems.The fall in earth has an advanced and well-developed health system. Public health indicators have been astir(p) due to the advent of technology and rapid interventions. However considerable problems continue to exert a continue on the health system. HIV is considered to be a major problem in the United Kingdom due to a number of reasons. It can inflict a heavy toll on individuals in terms of financial, emotional, and psychological problems (Hough, 2003 Pg 644). It can lead to high levels of anxiety, stress, depression, and frustration among individuals. Further many individuals hesitate to founder HIV due to the social stigmas associated with it. Empirical studies have documented that heterosexuals and homosexuals comprise the leading risk group for HIV. Minorities are vulnerable to the disease due to the lack of in effect(p) and efficient procedures (Flowers & Duncan, 2003 Pg 179). The lack of information means that many individuals forego preventive treatment in order to reduce costs. This can be foul for the NHS that seeks to maintain an integrated and coordinated program for HIV management and prevention. The NHS needs to formulate an effic ient and effective system that can be used to attain excellence. A comprehensive strategy should focus on HIV prevention and patient empowerment. Further there is the need to deploy efficient and effective strategies that can be used to attain excellence in combating the disease. This research paper impart seek to go bad the issue of HIV as a major public issue in the United Kingdom. It will formulate a smart strategy that can be used to enhance the process of HIV detection, prevention, and management. BackgroundHIV is a condition that can be debilitating and incapacitating for many individuals. It leads the debilitative of the immunological system. It can lead to fatal outcomes if not properly treated. HIV can be ancestral through various means. Sexual intercourse is the main cause of the transfer of the disease (Lee, 2003 Pg 2201). Contaminated tear and needles can also lead to infection of individuals with HIV. Finally children who are born from HIV infected mothers are like ly to be diagnosed with the disease. HIV has become a major public issue in the United Kingdom. This is due to the fact that it can cause significant health problems in the population (UNAIDS, 2000 pg 23). It can lead to negative outcomes that must be tackled in a systematic and logical manner. The United Kingdom has a comprehensive system for tackling HIV. It has developed a robust program for surveillance and management of

Trouble With The Terrorist Watch List Database Case Study

Trouble With The Terrorist memorise List Database - Case Study ExampleFor example, airlines utilize instruction provided by the system of TSA in their lists of selectee and NoFly for passengers prescreening, whereas the custom of U.S and protection systems of borders utilize the watch list entropy to aid passengers entering the US. Efficient and effective instruction of data resources is increasingly critical in this case. Similarly, no policy information has been created to demonstrate the rules of spreading, obtaining, standardizing, categorizing, and sharing information as well as information inventorying, (United States, 2008). Administration of data tends to be poor, and governance of data that would serve companies manages data availability, utility, security and integrity are poor. Government regulations would assist enhances privacy, timber of data, government compliance, and security of data. Additionally, quality of data audits and cleansing are extremely required to reduce the irregularities of number of records counts, number of duplicated records, and number of records without data fields and clear origins. 2.Reasons for creation of consolidated terror watch list and the advantages of the listIt was established in reaction to criticisms that various agencies of government were keeping separate lists and that such sectors had no consistent process of crucial information sharing about their people on each list of agency.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Study ExampleIts built around the recognition that everything we do in connection with our work at Google will be, and should be, measured against the highest possible standards of ethical business yield (Google investor relations, 2009, par. 2). This recognition is absolutely crucial to maintain quality employees and ethical business relationships.The ethical code of comport is specifically written and provided to all employees, and it is taken into account when hiring any new employee. The goal is to avoid delivery in a new staff member that does not share in the same view or the same values and ethics as the rest of the play along. Our commitment to the highest standards helps us hire grand people, who then build great products, which in turn attract loyal users. Trust and mutual pry among employees and users are the foundation of our success, and they are something we need to earn every day (Google investor relations, 2009, par. 2). The Google Code of Conduct states t hat the employees and the actions of the company must service the customers or users, respect one another, avoid conflicts of interest, preserve confidentiality, protect Googles assets, reckon financial integrity and responsibility, and obey the law (Google investor relations, 2009). These principles are very substantial and can easily be maintained by each person as long as they put the company beginning(a) over the personal gains and interests they may have. Many of these principles can also hold a long-term power within Google Company and make for a highly beneficial future, as long as they keep to uphold the principles. The major task that Google faces is to avoid negativity within the company or the view of the public, and to correspond that the defined principles are truly upheld. The goal is lofty, but Google Company can definitely achieve it as long as they continue to hire good people and always strive to

Fixing Urban Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fixing Urban Schools - Essay ExampleThis project concluded that members of the trail board, mayors, foundation leaders and city council need to have an idea on how to improve give lessons systems. unrivaled of the vital elements of reform policies that can transform carrying into action in takes is large(p) responsibility to other school members other than just superintendents. Most superintendents maintain their jobs for approximately three years. The school officials normally hire a different superintendent serious and confident enough to advance a school and raise the performance of students. Three years is not enough to achieve set goals. When a superintendent leaves, he or she leaves behind partially implemented plans and unfulfilled goals.This report declares that big city leaders memorial tablet issues of governmental and intellectual types. The political issue is the complexity of developing and maintaining a strong coalition that can worst the resistance to change t hat many large organizations face, whose constituency consists of opposing civil employees and interest groups. Only a routine of communities have enjoyed the advantage of both a system of political plump for and strong ideas. Political support is all-important(a) because it plays a huge role in making ideas come to life. It is not clear how to figure out the issues faced by city schools. Without proper direction, the millions of young peoples future living in the city are at stake. This is because they need the public school system to shape their employment might and their entry into society. (Hill & Celio, 1998). Apart from teachers, members of the school board, mayors, foundation leaders and city council need to have an idea on how to improve school systems. One of the vital elements of reform policies that can transform performance in schools is giving responsibility to other school members other than just superintendents. Most superintendents maintain their jobs for approx imately three years. The school officials normally hire a different superintendent serious and confident enough to advance a school and raise the performance of students. Three years is not enough to achieve set goals. When a superintendent leaves, he or she leaves behind partially implemented plans and unfulfilled goals (Hill & Celio, 1998). The reasons why public schools face these issues is poverty, racial isolation, social instability and labor unrest. It is also helpful if local leaders can attain the needed administrative and political support to attain such reforms. The biggest challenge faced by urban schools relates to the reality that the term connotes worries concerning experiences of education for minority and poor youth. Improving public schools hence communicates the idea of contain inequalities in occupational, educational, and social opportunity throughout economic and racial groups. Overview of Current Policy The policy of mending urban schools encourages school restructuring as a way to allow improvement in the achievement of students and the persuasiveness of an organization. This happened with the appointment of state officials and local appointed boards to run schools. The move prevented any bureaucracy in the management of urban schools. Because of bureaucracy, schools normally have a poor relationship with community and parental networks. This relationship is important because it helps facilitate the effective education of children. Creating a sense of community for public schools is a suggestion by many scholars. They claim that this is what separates different schools socially. For example, catholic schools run based on functional communities. This means that the

Applying for a master degree Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applying for a master degree - Personal Statement shellMy ambition developed rapidly leading me to streamline my studies towards Business and Management, particularly human resource studies. Thus, I believe further studies for a masters degree in the University will enhance my competitiveness and restrict me apart in my professionalism.I have experienced challenges and had opportunities during studies. However, I put extra determination to support and improve my scores with the aim of obtaining a chance to further my education. The efforts yield fruits with an average rating of 2.1 in core subjects.Apart from academics, I exhibit potential skills in leadership and excellent interpersonal attributes. In addition, I understand the program and curriculum details and sure that it matches with my research areas. I also realise the competitiveness of the program. Nonetheless, I express pleasure that my professional aptitude and decent University record offer me a reliable certification for admission. Hence, I will appreciate your approval for admission. Finally, I give my assurance that I will optimize my chance to advance my talents. Likewise, I will be a noble embassador and endeavor to transform peoples lives through appropriate management approaches. Kindly consider my

Aristotelian Conventions of Tragedy in King Lear and Brave New World Essay - 1

Aristotelian Conventions of Tragedy in powerfulness Lear and Brave mod World - Essay ExampleAristotelian conventions such as a characterized Recognition of Self, and Suffering, both of which work to together to give tragical drama much of its emotional impact, argon found to be driving forces in these master works. King Lear and Savage John, respectively, reveal their statuses as tragic heroes through their bel ingestd recognition of their have got self-awareness and the detriment they undergo in order to reach that self-recognition. In this essay, both Shakespeares King Lear and Huxleys Savage John will be analyzed in terms of these two Aristotelian conventions of tragedy in order to show how both Lear and John flirt tragic heroes in some of literatures best forms. Both King Lear and Brave New World follow the Aristotelian convention of Recognition of Self. In Aristotles formulation, this requires that heroes undergo some low that leads to a cathartic sense of self-awareness derived from the pain of suffering (20). Aristotle claims that a man must realize the (internal) tooth root of his knowledge downfall before he can become a tragic hero. King Lear gains this self-awareness as he wanders the heath with his Fool. He realizes the role he has played in his own downfall and it causes his ancestry into madness. Lear returns to sanity and to wisdom by realizing that his arrogance has led him both to accept the flattery of others and to overestimate his own power. He remarks upon this in a lament that they told me I was everything tis a lie, -- I am not ague-proof (1001). He later displays this growing self-awareness as he shakes hands with Gloucester but says that first he must move through his hand because it smells of mortality (1001). Through a realization that his own power is limited, Lear is able to reassess his manners and the loyalty of others, but not before the war breaks out across his former kingdom by those fighting to right the wrongs la rgely brought on because of his arrogance. Similarly, in Brave New World, John comes to realize his own limitations, partly because of his ongoing struggle to maintain a separation from the new world he confronts. At the end of his story, as he decides to go live by himself, he tells his friend Helmholtz, I ate civilization it poisoned me I was defiled. And then I ate my own wickedness (241). In this admission, he shows that he was unable to resist societys hold upon him due to something inside his own heart. While he continues throughout the story to try to purify himself, in the end, like Lear, he fails in his effort to control the world that he himself has had a hand in creating through a refusal to understand himself earlier in the story. Both King Lear and Brave New World also deal with the Aristotelian convention of Suffering. Aristotle argues that suffering is constituted in destructive or painful action that brings about death, wounds, or agony (21). For King Lear his suffe ring is brought on by his unjust treatment of Cordelia in the beginning of the play. This action is parallel by the way his cruel older daughters, Goneril and Regan, treat him after he has given them their portion of his holdings and power. He recognizes

Workplace drug testing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

body of work drug testing - Assignment ExampleAccording to the SAMSHA Office of Applied Studies, 8.4 % of the US workforce in 2007 were users of drugs and almost the same percent were reported heavy users of alcohol (cited in US DOL, 2010, p.2). The bottomline impact of such(prenominal) statistics is that the employee, his/ her co-workers and the business itself sustains losses as a result of a poor performance by a drug dependent. Therefore, there is a compelling reason to do drug testing like uranalysis or blood tests in order to deter and prevent substance abuse in workers, not just in reality institutions but in whole private and public businesses.Today, the law mandates that all companies dealing with the government should have a sober workplace (US DHHS, SAMSHA, 1994, p.1). Some states also have their avouch laws on drug testing, but the focus is on companies that deal with the State. I believe that a drug-free workplace program, i.e., urinalysis drug tests and blood tests, should be enforced on all workplaces regardless of public or private transactions with the government. Where substance abuse is deterred, employees who truly are under the influence leave seek employment where such behaviour can be tolerated. Thus, the program will not be effective if there will be companies left that can tolerate substance abuse. According to Larson, et al. (2007), 90% of workers that are elicit drug users or alcohol abusers work for small and medium-sized businesses (cited in US DOL, 2010, p.2). nevertheless most of these businesses are not mandated, not organized and resourced enough to have a sustainable drug-free workplace programs. Since small businesses make up a significant part of the society, they should get all the serve they can from the government, more so on the aspect of drug abuse enforcement. There is already an breathing law on drug applicable to public institutions and to effectively combat drug abuse in society, this existing law on drug tes ting should just be expanded to

Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Reflection Paper - Assignment ExampleCorruption has lead to the failure of land and good governance in the states that have been hit by this catastrophic. For example in Zimbabwe citizens just attain the word democracy but they havent yet experienced it. President Mugabe has used his governmental power to influence the election so as to favor him to continue be the president. This is an infringement to the rights of the balloting citizens who are forced now to be led by a person they havent chosen. Since corruption influenced the electioneering process, definitely the governance pull up stakes not be to the standard. This is because the president has to do a favor to those who supported his candidature and helped in rigging. According to (Fraser, 2007) this favors comes in form of appointment of public offices. The talent in the government to dispense service now become a tall order, since the one appointed is chasing his objective of gathering more wealth from the public.It h as been noted that most cash got from illegal activities are not banked in the local banks but rather they are moved to other foreign banks. For instance in Nigeria between 1960 to 1999 their leaders had swiss bank accounts and within that period more than $400 had been moved from topic treasury without being accounted for (Fraser, 2007). This clearly shows that the leaders have no interest of the people whom they serve. That large amount of fund being moved in an economy creates a financial deficit leads to inflation.Industrialization has brought with it benefits and calamity too. The problem comes in with management of the waste products. Most companies in Africa receive political backing by chance because they financed the election campaign of the leader who is current in office. The company will use that on their favor to fail to manage its waste products at the expense of citizens simply because a certain leader will protect them through thick and thin politically. This ha s

San Francisco The Top Three Stops to Make Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

San Francisco The Top Three S hands to Make - Essay ExampleThe Golden Gate tide over was the worlds longest suspension duad, at 1.7 miles (4,200 feet) long, for 27 years following its completion in 1937 with two towers that each stand taller than the Washington Monument. It crosses Golden Gate Strait, which is about 400 feet deep and serves as the gateway to the harbor city. It can be seen from a variety of locations throughout the city. One favorite is from the top of the Marin Headlands, which offers the fun of a hike and some exercise with a tremendous view of the harbor and city. another(prenominal) favorite is from the top of the Coit Tower, which as well as affords a glimpse of the famously twisty Lombard Street and Alcatraz. Water tours ar offered for just about any time of the day, leaving from the famous San Francisco piers that forget take visitors under the bridge and around Alcatraz Island. Alcatraz itself offers a view of the bridge and visitors can also opt to see i t by picnicking at Golden Gate Park or by biking, walking or driving over it.Alcatraz Island, from which one and only(a) can get a nice view of the Golden Gate Bridge and that will also be visible from many approaches to the Golden Gate, is the home of the famous Alcatraz Prison, now closed and offered as a tourist attraction. Ferries run to the island every half hour during peak seasons and tours are offered once on the island. The tours will take visitors through the various cell blocks, demonstrating the living conditions of the prisoners there, offering information about various prison escape attempts and touring through Cell Block D, the home of the Birdman and showcasing other interesting pieces of information about the prison and the island on which it stands.One other location that must be visited before leaving the city is San Franciscos Chinatown.

Discussion Week 7 Advertising Media and Integrated Marketing Assignment

sermon Week 7 Advertising Media and Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) - Assignment ExampleThe social media is to the lowest degree costly, can demonstrate the product vividly, and is able to reach a wide range of clientele. The weaknesses noted in social media are its wish of emotional magic spell or ability to vividly demonstrate the product. Finally, publisher is also least costly and could provide more information on the product, as required. However, the weaknesses of newspapers include the lack of target, reach and vividness in presentation as well as in providing emotional appeal (Selecting Advertising Media and Determining Advertising Budgets, 2014).To create the publicizing budget, three ways were actually suggested (1) to use diachronic figures or a percentage of past years sales (2) to determine the amount that competitors conk and earmark a similar budget and (3) determine the advertising goal and the resources of the company and work verboten how the goal could be reached (Selecting Advertising Media and Determining Advertising Budgets, 2014).2. From the e-Activity above, outline the design for an IMC campaign that would use a different media other than the one used in the product or service you reviewed. For example, if the advertisement you reviewed was knowing for the radio, consider the details for a complimentary Web or magazine advertisement.One of the most effective advertisements shown is the Volkswagen-Darth Vader 2011 Super Bowl Commercial (Volkswagen-Darth Vader 2011 Super Bowl Commercial, 2011). The design of an IMC campaign for the same advertisement, using a different media would actually be challenging. According to Iacobucci (2014), the IMC should ensure that a companys various advertising efforts send a coherent story across the different customer touch points (p. 159).Therefore, the most seize medium to relate the main thrust of the advertisment (other than through the commercial shown through YouTube) would be i n a magazine advertisment. The details that could be provided

Children's Language Acquisition - Nature vs Nurture Essay

Childrens Language Acquisition - Nature vs Nurture - Essay Examplevocabulary extends beyond the basics, they atomic number 18 able to think for themselves and further develop their language skills through expression (Unsworth, 2013). It has been found that disposition gives children the ability to acquire language but it does not give them the language itself because the latter is an aspect of human being which develops due to nurture. It is for this reason that most of the children who are born in one and only(a) culture can easy adapt to another culture and language as long as they are still junior enough to adjust to their new environment. It is usually the environment in which a child is raised that determines his or her rate of language acquisition, so that there are some who acquire it much earlier than others. Thus, one would suggest that nurture plays a more significant affair in the language acquisition of children than record because while the latter facilitates t he development of the parts necessary for speech, it is nurture which enables the development and advancement of the skills required for the pastime of language acquisition. While speech is a natural part of human beings, language is based on nurture and it is mainly the language that is spoken in the environment that children are raised in that they are able to acquire it.The influence of biological, social and cultural factors have been said to affect the shaping of the antithetical aspects of language acquisition among children. It is a fact that both nature and nurture played a role in language acquisition, the latter hiving existed for almost as long as the human race has existed and it is rather possible that they will continue to exist in the foreseeable future. The acquisition of language among children is a basic part of their daily lives and is manifested within the society by observable factors within the environment that they grow. Thus, children are normally able to acquire language through their interaction with older members of their society and this is normally done in such a manner

Distorted picture Essay Example for Free

Distorted picture EssaySome people regard science as the ultimate build of noesis, because science provides facts. People tend to stick out science as true, justified, reliable, precise and objective. Howevenr thither is a signifi ceaset difference between natural and amicable sciences. Natural sciences use the fundamental scientific order to find the facts about the world we live in, the natural burdens and processes that take place in our world. The staple scientific method or nai ve inductivism follows five stages which include ceremony, information, generalization, surmise and explanation and prediction. However though the basic scientific method seems perfectly reliable, there whitethorn be some troubles which could challenge science as the supreme form of knowledge. Social sciences study human behaviour, relationships and society. These are precise subjective and very thorny to measure. The results can be distorted by the scientists because completely objective observation is even more unvoiced in natural sciences because seeing what you desire to see gives a distorted picture.The famous philosopher David Hume (1711-1776) who was a very radical empiricist and sceptic was concerned with limits to knowledge. According to his theories science cannot give us accurate knowledge and thusly should not have such(prenominal) a high status. The problems of natural sciences, basic scientific method and Humes possibility of causation that challenges science as the supreme form of knowledge is going to be discussed further in this essay. The social sciences study human behaviour and their relationships.There are several fields of social sciences including anthropology, governmental science, psychology, sociology and economics. However it is important to note that human behaviour is so inconsistent and influenced by so many an(prenominal) variables that it is impossible to measure it precisely. The problem lies also in the social scientists themse lves because they are humans as advantageously as the subjects of their attention. It is virtually impossible for them to give a completely objective observation. Firstly they are poring over things that cant be measured in human behaviour such as concentration or motivation.Secondly there is the problem that if the subject of their study knows he or she is creation watched, he or she can consciously or unconsciously behave in a different vogue than they would otherwise. likewise if the person hears the prediction of the results of the experiments, they might deliberately behave in such a centering any to fulfil it or not. That instrument that social scientists prediction can influence human behaviour. Simply being seen by the unhidden scientist distorts what is seen. Another problem of social scientists is that they see what they want to see.They cannot separate their wishes, what they want to see, from what they see in the reality. Therefore social sciences are very imprec ise and unreliable. The natural sciences use the basic scientific method which contains five stages that help the scientists to come to a conclusion. Firstly, they observe through their senses a particular set of cores, they genius the observation that they have made and after that they sterilise trus iirthy generalisations which form a theory. The theory helps to form prediction for the next.Natural sciences are regarded as much more reliable than social sciences because their theories can be tested more easily and the tests can be repeated several times under resembling conditions. It is not so easy for the natural scientists to distort the results as for the social scientists. However, there are certain problems with this method that make it seem unreliable too. Firstly, it has to be mentioned that observation comes through our senses. Unfortunately, our senses can be sooner easily deceived. It is impossible to make our senses completely objective.We often see what we belie ve we should see or what we want to see or our hearing can be again influenced by our belief or a wish. This means that we cannot trust our senses completely. Secondly, science as an activity that is supposed to be detached from emotional content, stock-still the scientists doing the experiments and the observations are humans an they cannot detach from their nature. Simply they can observe things that they want to observe because of many reasons such as political, financial, practical and also personal motives.And thirdly there is the problem of the observational statement which means that the scientists have to put their observations into words, which can influence the effect that the observation makes on people. Then there is the problem of the way we treat and use our knowledge. The process of inductive ratiocination that we use in our everyday biography follows this pattern the experience or the observation comes foremost and found on it a prediction for the future or a g eneral statement is made. There is a big strength about this way of reasoning.Firstly, science is ground on this kind of reasoning and most of the people regard science as the supreme form of knowledge. Secondly it is quite obvious that the human race couldnt function without inductive reasoning because most or even all of our thinking processes follow the rules of inductive reasoning. If inductive reasoning was wrong, then(prenominal) human beings couldnt be classed as rational beings. However, there are weaknesses in this inductive reasoning that rightfully raise doubts about human beings as rational beings.It is important to see that there is no needful connection between the medieval and the future and also that the observation made could have been mistaken. The unconnected past and future can be very well expressed in Bertrand Russellstory about an inductivist turkey1. This story explains that we cannot make predictions or statements based on our past experience and observ ations because they are absolutely independent from what will discover in the future. This flaw of inductive reasoning seriously challenges the knowledge obtained through science because science is based on past observations.But if inductive reasoning is really wrong then science is based on very indistinct grounds. The philosopher David Hume created a theory which challenged the idea of causation. Causation means one lawsuit causing another, But can we really say that one event caused another? Usually when we see event A and then event B which followed event A, we tend to say that event B was caused by event A. But actually we observed just event A followed by event B, we didnt observe the cause the link between A and B. So to say that event B happened because of event A is not the same as to say that event A happened and then event B happened.We never experience the cause. An example can be day followed by night. In the past, the day was evermore followed by night and yet the day is not the cause of night. Day and night are two caused by something else (rotation of the earth on its axis as it goes around the Sun). So the connection between these two things can be invariant without either of them being the cause of the other. If this all is right, then science is again put into a very strange position and it seems to be based on very uncertain foundations and we can never talk about anything with absolute certainty.According to Hume, just the reason that we believe that the solarise will rise every morning is based on our past experience and though it may be true that the sun has risen every morning of our lives, this is not enough evidence to insure the truth of the thesis that the sun will always rise. In social sciences the major problem is the variety of human behaviour. If people regard social sciences as the supreme form of knowledge, they misunderstand the way social sciences work. It is impossible to rely completely on social sciences because there are too many variables that can influence the results.However if people regard natural sciences as the supreme form of knowledge, they misunderstand knowledge very much because there are so many problems and mistakes in human reasoning and the way they process information and deduce conclusions from information that was processed in a wrong way or was inadequate to support the conclusion. This theory can be very much supported by the theory of David Hume, a famous philosopher, who challenged science very much by his laws of causation. 1The turkey found that, on his first morning at the turkey farm, that he was fed at 9 a. m. Being a nice inductivist turkey he did not jump to conclusions.He waited until he collected a large crook of observations that he was fed at 9 a. m. and made these observations under a wide range of circumstances, on Wednesdays, on Thursdays, on cold days, on warm days. Each day he added another observation statement to his list. Finally he was satisfie d that he had collected a number of observation statements to inductively realise that I am always fed at 9 a. m.However on the morning of Christmas eve he was not fed but instead had his throat cut. http//marr. bsee. swin. edu. au/dtl/het704/lecture3/logfals/node6. html, 20th September 2004

Janis Joplin Essay Example for Free

Janis Joplin EssayPerhaps Ralph Waldo Emerson was right and may as well have referred to Janis Joplin as he was saying this quotation had he lived during Joplins time. With her death at a young age of 27, it had been a short-lived life the medicineal comedy genius Janis Joplin had. We may non know whether or not her cousins pot tell nothing ab step forward her exclusively her life deserves to be relived and I am here to spell out about it.A look into the context in which she lived get out help give a come a segmentation understanding of how the course of her life was crookd and came to be the way it was. Janis Joplin is one of the most prominent individuals in the 1960s, an period considered to be a revolution of sorts. Beginnings On the morning of January 19, 1943, Janis Lyn was born to be the eldest child of circle and Dorothy Joplin. It was years later that she would have younger siblings Michael and Laura making them a middle-class family composing of five members. ontogeny up in an industrial town called Port Arthur in Texas crowded with oil refineries, chemical plants, factories, and rows of oil-storage tanks with fume hanging in the air, it wasnt the best place to satisfy the brilliant and inquisitive little Janis as there wasnt much than room for activities and recreations. Although that was the case, she did well in school, having a great interest and adroitness for reading and painting. As a child, she already had a reputation for singing as one of the soloists in their church choir.According to one of her friends, she had been popular in Port Arthur as a talented and slick little girl. Janis considered her childhood as relatively pleasant. It was only at the age of fourteen, as confessed in numerous of her various interviews, that she matte like the world turned on her. That was the time she gained weight and had acne problems, problems which meant most than anything for teenagers. The ultimate lost of her looks coincided badly with her entry to the highschool world where the popular girls were the ones with good looks and Janis just fell keister (Echols, 2000).While at the Thomas Jefferson highschool, Janis took rejection by heart (Amburn, 1993). Used to having attention on her, she started acting out and whilst she began to perk attention, she even emphasized her being different. She was determined to keep the attention on her even if it was a negative one. She became a beatnik girl who would flaunt her eccentric clothes ranging from above-the-knee skirts, black or royal tights coupled with liking unconventional and different liberal arts and music. As Echols put it, she was hang on becoming an eyesore, an affront to everything the townspeople believed in.Indeed, Janis was eager to defy as many social conventions as she could. This made her p atomic number 18nts unhappy- she just changed totally, overnight quoting her mother Dorothy. As an underage girl, her defiant attitude was too much that one in cident happened involving the police later she took a ride with her male friends who were overage. This made her even more the topic of talks and gossips around their Pleasantville of a town. She was much into music and drinking, acting as if these two things are wedded. And this endlessly gets her into trouble.She was often sent to the counselors office for misbehavior and drinking (Echols, 2000). Her parents were baffled and felt helpless. Joplins rebellious proclivity was unwavering, she just wanted to be different and be free to take herself. Little did they know that Janis rebellious actions symbolize the beginning of an inevitable social revolution and an emerging coevals gap that was about to come(Echols, 2000). The fact was it wasnt just Joplin it was going to be a collective movement.The sixties was well on its way. The Sixties, as it is often used in popular culture by some journalists, historians and other academes, has seen many varied influential and transforming trends in culture and ideologies which can be expound as nothing less than exciting, mightily, radical and even rebellious. It was a time when people are severe to break free from the rigid and conformist social norms and social constraints in search for individual immunity (Booker, 1970). It could be said that this period of history has a great impact on Janis Joplin and further influenced not only her genius but how her entire life turned out. Musical InclinationMusic would ultimately become a passion for Joplin. Aside from singing in their local church choir, Janis developed her musical interest further after befriending a group of outsiders as a teenager. She and this gang would listen and revere African-American Blues artists such as Leadbelly whose record album was the firstborn she claimed she ever purchased (Echols, 2000). During highschool she continued sense of hearing to blues music and listened to other blues artists like Bessie Smith, Big Mama Thornton and Odet ta. And even later on, she provide begin singing blues and folks songs together with some friends, imitating the artists husky yet soulful voices. Amburn, 1993).She always had a gut feel about her singing ability but it wasnt until she imitated Odetta and performed one of her songs which stunned her friends that she she confirmed, she indeed has a voice. Her early efforts included playing in coffee houses in their small town. Talent, eminence and Fame In 1963, she left for San Francisco and found herself residing in North Beach. She also ventured to other places like Venice, the Village, New York and Haight-Ashbury getting further experiences and experimenting on her music and creativity.It wasnt just a year ago that she started taping her first song at a friends house and a year after she would show up more songs with her friends Jorma Kaukonen and Martha Kaukonen providing her accompaniments. An album called Typewriter tape will be released containing seven tracks including Long Black Train Blues, cipher Knows You When Youre Down and Out, Typewriter Talk, Kansas City Blues, Trouble In Mind, Hesitation Blues, and Daddy, Daddy, Daddy . As the Sixties progress, various movements are emerging from the left and right. The counterculture and social revolution was spreading.A popular term emerged as the hippies, a young movement characterized strongly by a shift towards a more liberated society. It includes the questioning groups created a movement toward liberation in society, including sexual revolution, questioning of authority and government, fighting for the freedom and rights of the marginalized groups including Negroes, women, homosexuals, and minorities. The use of marijuana, heroine, lysergic acid diethylamide and various others drugs and listening to psychedelic music were also rampant. Janis would not be left behind and took part in these movements. Joplins waywardness continued well into those years.Around that time, she increased her drug use and took on a reputation as a frequent heroine user and a thrill-freak (Amburn, 1993). She was also heavy on alcoholic beverage and other intoxicants and even engaged in sexual high. In 1965, she was described as skeletal, even careworn due to the effects of her amphetamine use (Amburn, 1993). For some time, she was convinced by her friends to become sober and to abstain from drug use. An old friend and then manager Chet Helms of a group called Big Brother was attracted by Joplins bluesy voice. On June 4, 1966, Joplin officially joined the band.Their first public performance was in San Francisco at the Avalon Ballroom. Her drug use was kept at bay with the help of her friends who she lived within a communal apartment (Friedman, 1992). They write a deal with Mainstream Records on the 23rd of August of 1966. A year after, the band released their debut album by Columbia Records. Joplin and her band gradually gained fame after some(prenominal) follow-up performances including those in Monterey Pop Festival, appearances in television such as The Dick Cavett Show. She received positive reviews from various magazines labelling her as a powerful singer and a staggering woman of rock and roll.Eventually, she would leave the Big Brother band and went for a solo career and would later form a band called the Kozmic Blues and another group, which she would call her as her own called the Full Tilt Boogie Band. After breaking up again with the band, she recorded several songs which would be released after her death and would become the highest-selling album of her career. It included the best hit single Me and Bobby McGee, a cover of Kris Kristoffersons who had been her ex-lover. Janis Joplin died on October 4, 1970 at the age of 27 years. Legacy Janis Joplin can be considered as the Queen of Rock and Roll in the late 1960s.She was a music icon which would influence the music scene in the years to come. She was an established female star who had success in a male-dominan t music scene. Fans and musical experts alike would consider her songs as immortal and contiunes to influence modern day music and artists. She also made contributions to the fashion industry. The way she dressed herself had been another avenue for her self-expression. In interview after interviews, she would update the media of her latest fashion statement from her clothes, to her hair styles, hair accessories, body decorations, and body accessories.She would also hit the movie industry influencing and inspiring movie directors, actors and actresses such as Better Midler especially in the 1979 charge entitled The Rose which would garner her an academy nomination for her performance as Janis Joplin. Other films were also produced base on her life including Gospel According to Janis. A musical play was composed in the 1990s, which will then win a praise and be lauded together with the outstanding performances of the artists who would play Janis.She would also receive posthumous aw ards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievment and the induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In the arts, some of her personal artifacts including the Porsche she own were displayed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Musuem Exhibition which will serve as a recommendation to the psychedelic era dubbed as The Summer of Love- Art of the Psychedelic Era. This made people think back to that nostalgic and definitely not-forgotten era of the human history. Truly, Janis Joplin was a genius not only of her time but her genius continues to live and influence various industried today.

Economics at the University of Pennsylvania Essay Example for Free

Economics at the University of Pennsylvania EssayAlthough I want to major in Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, I have a passion for poetry and prose, and I would love much than anything to develop my writing skills in Penns School of Arts and Sciences. That program provides the disciplined and distinguished qualities that I seek. One must be a smashing reader before becoming a enceinte writer, so I indulge in books of every genre to expand my range of knowledge. Literature brings me great joy, and I provide strive to integrate my fondness for reading and writing into my college experience. Penns English subdivision is unique in that it provides the opportunity for students to place an emphasis on studies in creative writing. Within that framework, I want to channel my passion for poetry into academia. As founder and president of Shandong Normal University Literature Association, if accepted, I plan to visit the Kelly Writers House religiously as a centering to sa tisfy my perpetual impulse for remarkable literature. I envision myself grabbing a turkey and cheese sandwich with no mayonnaise at the 1920 Commons, then rushing attain to the Kelly Writers House with an armful of books by Maya Angelou and Eric Schlosser.Gathered in a tight tidy sum of chairs, I want to share professional works with fellow literature lovers. We leave behind offer our induce daring lines of free verse, swap suggestions, compliments, and light-hearted laughs. During workshops, my very soul seeps steadily through an invisible tube from ace to ballpoint. This complex phenomenon of input-output produces painstakingly arranged ink on paper, a painting made of letters. On my way to a morning class on modern Ameri give notice poetry, I will pass Oldenbergs famed Split Button and acknowledge Mr.Franklin sitting upright in his chair. After the lecture, I can envision Professor Josephine Park and I conducting research by analyzing the influence of conflicts between Amer ica and easterly Asia on Asian-American texts. As part of the Penn family, I will converse with colleagues, sisters, and brothers that destiny forgot to recognize. Then, I will educate secondary school students well-nigh reading and writing through the outreach program.Having been featured in a non-finite of written works and publishing my own collections, I will roll up my sleeves and organize literary pieces in the weekly undergraduate magazine, First Call. As evening emerges, I will bike to the new wave Pelt Library, work comfortably in my favorite armchair, and complete the finishing touches on a split second World War paper. Traveling to other parts of the City of Brotherly Love, study group friends and I will order a few Philly Cheesesteaks from Pats King of Steaks for dinner. My roommate, with lips coated in glinting toothpaste, will open the door when I get back.After taking a shower, I will dry my hair on a blue polka dot towel, sit on my bed, and chortle cheerfully w hile my roommate chatters about the highlights of her day. Then I will read an article about the Penn Museum from The Daily Pennsylvanian. After turning off the lights and setting my alarm clock for 600am, I will drape my jogging shorts and shirt on a chair for the morning. Before drifting off to sleep, I will fondly recall submitting my application to Penn, and smile in the quiet of my room, happy to be here at last.

Shirley Temple Essay Example for Free

Shirley temple Essay dish aerial In the 1930s, the United States suffered immense economic turmoil kn let as the wide Depression. Americans were full of despair and sorrow and no longer were able to go to the picture shows because there was no m bingley for it. Therefore, it was no impress that when a bright and youngish new face came onto theater screens, throng latched onto it with extreme fascination close to near obsession. This rising starlet, who could put a smile on even the saddest face, was Shirley synagogue. In 1935, at solely three and a half years of age, Shirley instantly became the number oneness box office feeling and held onto the title for four straight years yet she remained successful way beyond those years. Men, women, and children adored her kind personality and innocence she was a breath of fresh air in a time of hardships and struggles. During the Great Depression, less people went to the theaters because they could no longer afford the extra ex pense.In response, desperate movie makers produced films with much(prenominal) sex and violence to lure the audience and money back in. This posed as a bulky problem in society, mainly with women and children, because no mother would want to subject her child to such filth. Therefore, when Shirley Temple movies premiered in the early 1930s, women were excited about going to the theaters again. Shirley provided sodding(a) and classy entertainment that mothers would not vary to take their children to.Although the films that Shirley starred in were by no means spectacular, she managed to rise above the script and construct the audience what they penuryed and craved in such a time of despair. People were so enthral by this little girl with such big talent, spirit, and liveliness that they did not care how mediocrethe movie might be, the people flocked to see her regardless (Fuller-Seeley, 49). She provided her audience with laughter in a gloomy time, pure love in a lonely world, and innocence in a place of filth and greed.And for that one to two hours that her glowing face would shine on the screen and little voice would talk and sing, people were given an escape from their day to day stresses and worries and they became encapsulated by this tiny girl. She gave America what it had long been in need of and they were not about to give it up, no matter the ticket cost. Shirley Temple wooed America with her cheerful apprisal and dancing and made women, children, and men all over the world fall in love with her.They craved to be her, to know her, and to share in her love and joy. Womens fascination stemmed from their maternal nature. To them, Shirley was a child whom they longed to love, care for, and protect. Since they obviously could not attain this satisfaction, mothers would try to mold their daughters into their own little Shirley Temple only they could never get fifty six perfect curls. Childrens fascination with her, however, was more of a desire to be her and share in her experiences.They watched in amazement as Shirley explored life in the braggart(a) world, which instilled in them a longing for adventure and ambitious goals. Children, mainly girls, not only adored Shirley, precisely identified with her. Rather than just seeing her as a spectacle on the screen they imagined themselves in her regions and became one with her character (51). Men on the other hand, were mesmerized with Shirley in a slightly different way. many only saw her from a paternal view and, like women, desired to have her as their own daughter. Others however, had a more pedophilic enthrallment with Shirley.Men in this time were sad and lonely, so when a young new face shined before them, they were naturally drawn to it. What was unnatural about this, however, was that they became so drawn to Shirley that almost began to obsess and fantasize over this prepubescent little girl. While some kept their shameful fantasies more private, others were less discr ete about it. For example, in a London magazine titled Night and Day, the write writes that middle aged men and clergymen lusted after her shapely body andher appeal was more secret and braggy (57).This idea that older men lusted after a five year old girl was nauseate to all. However, while Shirley is not to be blamed, many movies she starred in had her sitting in mens laps constantly. So much so, that people began to suspect that these films suggested incestual relationships with male family members, including fathers. Other films were suspected of being filled with occult sexual references. This was not a far off suspicion with movies such as War Babies (1932) where Shirley plays the role of a miniature prostitute.

Average & Range Essay Example for Free

Average commence EssayCalculate X-Bar-Bar, R-Bar, and associated control limits using the data in the table above. Create X-BarR (Average Range) find Charts from the data in the table above. Discuss notable out-of-control conditions displayed in the completed X-BarR (Average Range) Control Charts. altogether consider points outside the control limits. Do not consider runs, set of points within certain zones, and so forth. If the conditions you note could be defined as assignable conditions, and they are removed from the process, then what ordain excrete to the X-BarR Control Chart?Remove the data related to the out-of-control points you observed from the original data, and recalculate unfermented X-Bar-Bar, R-Bar, and associated control limits. Create new X-BarR (Average Range) Control Charts from your updated data. Discuss how the two sets of Control Charts are different. What has changed? The data format of the fount study should conform to the Publication Manual f or the American Psychological Association (APA), 6th edition, for the name page and text. Citations and references are not required.A basic APA tutorial can be found in the Webliography, and a paper template can be found in Doc Sharing. The completed case study go forth be submitted to your Dropbox as an MS Word document. All graphics and charts will be a part of the Word document and submitted as a file. Documents authored in other applications such as WordPerfect or MS Works will not be accepted. This project is to be accomplished individually, and it will reflect the work of each student. All DeVry University policies are in effect, including the plagiarism policy. Late papers will not be accepted without prior permission.

Cesar Guarin First Filipino Ultra-Marathoner Essay Example for Free

Cesar Guarin First Filipino Ultra-Marathoner EssayWill you gamble your own welfare for the sake of others? Cesar Guarin, a 56-year-old entrepreneur and the first Filipino, first Asian and fourth person in history to escape virtually the land proved that with a strong determination and with a purpose to help, anyone can bring their woolgather into reality. Guarin is known as the Father of the Philippines Ultramarathon. He joined orbicular Run which considered as one-of-a-kind marathon and the toughest toy ever that began 1983 and will end in 2016. He already finished the first four legs of his Global Run wherein he run 11,583 kilometers from 1983 to 2009. After his last run in US-Canada (2009), he will once more venture in another run, 2,053 kms. in the Australia marathon, the fifth leg of his Global Run. After completing the Australia leg, he will run across- Middle East (2012), England-Norway (2012), Finlan-Moscow (2013), Egypt-Israel-Jordan (2013), Japan-Korea (2014), Ind ia-Myanmar (2014) and Thailan-Singapore (2014) to complete the marathon.Despite of different hindrances like injuries, Guarin continuously run and this time its for a mission. He started a fund raising projects called Batang Pangarap and Global Run, Alay sa Pilipino to help destitution alleviation in the Philippines, to reduce the number of children on the street by encouraging them to venture into sports, to tug the tourism of the Philippines and to show his appreciation to the Filipino community abroad for helping the country (Philippines). Guarin as an Ultramarathoner showed to the world that Filipino is a one-of-a-kind race.

Border and Coastal Security (Criminal Justice) Essay Example for Free

Border and Coastal Security (Criminal Justice) assayHardened Border Paradox and Open Border Paradox. The Hardened Border Paradox refers to the situation when tougher call up controls fail to achieve their objective throw in illegal migrants and smuggling. Instead, it is argued, these tougher controls create an atmosphere ripe for spread of wrong activity. Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Senior Fellow in National Security Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, in his scripted testimony before a hearing of the Committee on Foreign Relations, unify States Senate noted that Draconian measures to police the bank invariably provide incentives for informal arrangements and criminal conspiracies to overcome cross-border barriers to commerce and labor movements. on that point appears an industry for helping illegal migrants, whereas the cooperation of law enforcement bodies is reduced when one side unilaterally pursues strict policies. The border becomes more chaotic, and tough regula tion creates a demand for those who are in the business of put the illegal crossings (Kirkpatrick, 2004). This paradox can be resolved by combating illegal groupings and promoting cooperation at the border amidst authorities on both sides.The Open Border Paradox includes the need to combat the movement of terrorists and smugglers crossways open borders without damaging the free advert of goods and services that benefits the economies of both nations. This paradox exists, for example, on the US-Canadian border where the flow of goods and services is in dependence on anti-terrorist measures.To overcome this paradox, authorities from both sides can create particular projects targeting terrorists without jeopardizing trade flows. Kirkpatrick in his testimony points out the example of a bi-national Integrated Border Enforcement Team (IBET) created on the US-Canadian border to overcome smuggling in 1996.Is it cost effective to spend millions and millions of dollars in an effort to st op a handfull of people who are bound to squeeze the United States?Counteracting the bunch of people bound to terrorize the United States is worth millions of dollars and perhaps even more. This number is commensurate with the devastating impact September eleventh and other events had on the development of the American economy and national security. Efforts to combat terrorism within the United States are also costly.The negative effect of terrorist activities on the sparing activities of Americans can hardly be overrated. terrorism poses a risk to the United States and all of its business. Foreign partners contemplating a deal with US companies will be more reluctant to do so if they perceive the state as being in day-and-night danger of an external attack. This means loss in indirect costs from dangers to the national security, with the effect same to that political instability in developing nations has on their ability to attract and retain direct international investment.Th e costs of failing to keep the terrorists out are therefore serious issues that have to be turn to in order to prevent the possible danger to the economy. In this way, these efforts are similar to risk vigilance in business. The risk precludeed may never materialize, and all the costs seem to have sunk in vain however, if the risk did materialize, the impact on business would have been much greater.Speaking of the need to avert a terrorist attack through anti-terrorism campaigns, one need not forget that it is not moreover economic prosperity that is at stake. The negative impact on the quality of lives of Americans from September 11th attacks cannot be thrifty in dollars alone, for here one must factor in the pain, the grief, and the fear that affected even those who only saw the attacks on TV. The government has to deliver public goods to the people, and national security is one of them. Therefore, spending expectant sums on anti-terrorist measures is a sound idea as long as helps to prevent the terrorists effectively from acquiring into the country and perpetrating their crimes.

The Case of the Sole Remaining Supplier Essay Example for Free

The Case of the Sole Remaining Supplier EssayWith advances in engine room al ways come skepticism, fears, and doubts. But when the new technology in question is designed to address a very bare-assed issuelike human lifeit snuff its even more of a quarrel. However, the challenge is not the development of the technology itself, but in the ethics that surround it.As it would become today, the sinoatrial node is a true gift to those whose hearts dissolvenot function right on on their own, and it allows people suffering from such a condition to enjoy life a little more. But riddles arise when complications and deaths payable to failures become apparent. However, it absolutely does not qualify as a reason to stop supporting cardiac pacemaker manufacturers altogether. in that location are two problems to be addressed. First, as mentioned in the case, most members of the board of the transistor-making caller-up outsourced by the pacemaker play along want to pull out, bec ause they are afraid to be recipients of blame if more deaths occur due to the pacemakers. This is a classic example of conflict of interestthe board, rather than help the development of the pacemaker, wishes instead to dust their hands of any future mishaps that might occur due to faulty products. Without even going into the problem of the technology itself, this action is already an ethical violation when it comes to business. Another problem is that the members of the board fail to sustain that by not helping the pacemaker company, one of two things can happen either pacemaker production grinds to a haltat the expense of people who need themor the pacemaker company, in desperation, might hire a sub-par company to manufacture transistors, or they start manufacturing it themselves either decision go away not improve the quality of the pacemakers. Since the answer to the question of what would you do? is a definite yes, the electric chair should tonicity at all the possible, ye t ethical and just, options. The case mentions that the chairman himself feels that the specs being used by the pacemaker company to test the transistors is faulty. It would be a good start to let the pacemaker company know about this, so that they may do something about it. If they improve the speculations and become able to properly test the transistors, then the board might start worrying less about failure rates. The chairman could also try to persuade the pacemaker company to invest in further research and development, citing the failures that pee-pee occurred in the past, before making the devices available to the public. It might cost more for the pacemaker company, but it provide be beneficial in the long run for both companies and for patients. Once the pacemaker company perfects their product, the transistor company can supply them once again with the necessary part. The above suggestions, however, are not guaranteed ways to solve the situation. If all else fails and the transistor companys board wishes to continue serving their own beat interests first, then the chair should leave the company as a last resort, on the grounds of hurtful business ethics, if he wishes to remain in good moral standing. Then, if he wishes, he can fabricate a new company, one whose members are willing to contribute to the progress of technology without doubts. Otherwise, he can join the pacemaker company, hire new employees, and produce transistors from within the pacemaker company itself. Life-sustaining and sensitive technologies, such as the pacemaker, may present some difficulties during its infant years, but everyone has to learn from mistakes. The pacemaker company has been irresponsible for using such low specs, and the transistor companys board is being ungenerous and cowardly. This is why the chairman should not stop producing transistors for the pacemaker company, but he must do so while addressing the issues of both companies using the suggestions stated above.ReferencesThe Case of the Sole Remaining Supplier.

Hull House, Chicago Illinois Essay Example for Free

Hull business firm, stops Illinois EssayJane Addams and Ellen Gates Starrs work of intriguerure spree, beauti skilfuly designed and of scholarly taste, artistic designs and with the flavor of social touch and as said by Regina Buccola the cutting edge of the world wide resoluteness House movement, was dawned in 1889 as Hull House. It was first among the a couple of(prenominal) settlement houses with uniqueness lying in its spearheading a national movement making the path for the psychiatric hospital of five hundred more settlements by 1920. Addams efforts earned it as one of the most reputed settlement houses in the United States. Hull House became a landmark piece more as a political and social intrigue instead of architectural. The complex was a dream of Addams to make it a role for the social and economic emancipation of women. She was from the prosperous family and was very well conscious of her position as among the a few(prenominal) of the first generation of women getting opportunity for education. Hull House was part of her passionate appeal to nonplus the women at the front, and give them liberty to assert their thought process. Hull House was primarily run by women, although men were in like manner involved in it as well.In its vicinity, women found liberated from subjugation period giving them lots of opportunities in the public sphere. Many of the buildings of Hull House were designed by architect Allen Pond taking the inspiration and idea from the Gothic architecture of Toynbee. While looking at the intimate design of the Hall House, one can see the structure itself embodying philosophies of social reformer John Ruskin and the humanities and crafts movement of the time. The main mission behind the settlement was opening of avenues for spreading education and giving women opportunities for participate in social activities.Besides providing needed help to the people, ladies residing in the Hull House were actively take part in soci al reforms on the local, state and national levels. Hull House was thus the home not just for individual advancement but also for changes that impacted society as a whole. In many decades that followed Hull House became the avenue for the several female figures including Florence Kelley, Alice Hamilton and many more who were instrumental in initiating many of the reforms. Florence and Alice were the ones who validated the social problems of Chicago such as child exploitation, unhealthy and dangerous existing and working conditions.It was on account of their efforts that led to the passing of the legislation for meeting educational needs of students, for providing allowance to workers, making it mandatory for the companies to provide occupational safety and fulfilling several of the social issues. Hull House was also the avenue for the building of first public playground and bathhouse, and created awareness on cleanliness and sanitation issues and their initiation towards reflecti on of the legal reforms, which led to the ground of the first juvenile court in the United States.Members of the Hull House had an incredible influence on the setting of urban planning and directing the nationwide transition toward setting of branch library systems. They also initiated upon making proposals for setting up public dispensary to provide nutritious solid food for the sick, a child day care center and public baths for the underprivileged sections of the population. It also became a rejuvenating pluck behind the changed social and political order. To add to it Hull House also saw the establishment of Chicago Arts and Crafts Society.Journalist Paul Kellogg also termed the group of Hull House residents as the swell Ladies of Halsted Street as to their altruistic efforts. The Hull House complex was fully accomplished seemingly forming into full circle by the end of twentieth century. Now the University of Illinois spread on to the city block with the pilot light one mans ion and one adjoining structure all that remains on the site. These two buildings now support the Jane Addams Hull-House Museum.Though now it does not have any centralized location still it is description its base for the various social service activities and programs through out the city. Hull House was no dubiety an avenue of great historical importance, for the initiation of many of the reforms to its credit but it cannot be deemed as a great endowment for architectural delight. Thomas Wolfe was highly critical of the buildings and the mansions influenced by Modern Architecture and foreign Style in his book From Bauhaus to Our House.He criticized the architectural whole kit for their adhering and laying base to their thoughts process to surmisal and placing the architecture on the political philosophy. He said that like in the literature or the works of art, if the scrutinized eyes of creators frame the architecture world, no one would appreciate it. According to Wolfe, many of the architects had no previous goals but to be always thinking like futuristic. All in all, Hull House allow for always remain as an emblem of social grace and reformation.

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

To Kill a flouter EssayFrank Barron, a professor in Psychology once said, Never take a soulfulnesss dignity it is worth everything to them, and nothing to you. discoverer Finch is a wise, young and respectful girl who lives in a little town in Alabama c all tolded Maycomb. watch lives with her older brother Jem Finch and her beat Atticus Finch. emissary has a fuse when it comes to her temper, so when something sets her off she shows it. In Harper lee sides To Kill a Mockingbird, the character of Scout Finch is revealed to the reader as a respectful character through rest up for her father, and respecting her Uncle Jack in forgiving him for what he had get down wrong to her. Scout is respectful and also loyal to her father Atticus. By standing up for her father to whoever has a negative opinion about him, Scout shows how loyal and courteous she really is to her father. Scout whitethorn not be too fond with the fact that Atticus is helping out an African American man, bu t she does respect his decision and intends on nominateing her father regard slight. Scout will always support Atticus if she has to and shows every person in the town of Maycomb just who really is the bigger person in the entire situation.Scout shows respect for her father when she declares to her immature cousin he is not I go intot know what youre talkin about but you better cut it out this red sulfurous minute (Lee 110). Just as Scouts respect is seen toward her father Atticus, it can also be seen towards her Uncle Jack. Scout is reverential and also forgiving of her Uncle Jack. By giving her Uncle Jack a second chance after he decided to give Scout a beating for a crime that she did not commit against her cousin, Scout is being a merciful person.Scout is also considerate about the situation because she is aware that her uncle does not know the entire story or the truth of what actually happened between Scout and her cousin. After Scouts uncle attempts to creator with Scout about the situation and Scout tells her uncle the truth, the problem gets resolved. Scout shows real character and how respectful, forgiving, and how fair of a person she really is when she admits to her Uncle Jack I reckon I love you even after what you did (Lee 112).Because of Scouts reply to this incident and how she was able to resolve it, Lee created Scouts character in this book to show how forgiving, understanding, and respectful mortal could be. Harper Lee once said Im no idealist to believe firmly in the lawfulness of our courts and in the jury system that is no ideal to me, it is a living, souring reality. Gentlemen, a court is no better than each man of you sitting before me on this jury.A court is only as sound as its jury, and a jury is only as sound as the men who make it up. Lee portrayed the character of Scout Finch as the way she did to demonstrate to the readers of To Kill a Mockingbird that all people in this world are different, yet the same, and it does n ot matter if a person is black, white, tall, short, fat, skinny, old, young, redneck or hillbilly, no matter who the person is because that person is a human being and has all of the same rights as everyone else in this world.Scout Finch shows the readers that she may not be sure about a lot of different things but she does understand that no two people are alike and Scout demonstrates that throughout the entire book with the different ways she deals with different challenges which may come her way. In Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout Finch is portrayed as a young girl of moral philosophy and mature wisdom in her life and her surroundings. A girl like scout in nows society may be seen as a rebel for speaking her mind and standing up for what she believes in.Though family loyalty still exists in todays society, it has become less and less of a forgiving and compassionate society toward others. Scouts compassion for loyalty, truth and forgiveness help her to stay grounded and work through life which are strong characteristics for anyone. In todays society, these characteristics are more strategic than ever because todays standards are good, better, and the best.

History of Light Gauge Steel

invoice of Light Gauge firebrandHistory and Development of Light Gauge Steel Within the grammatical bend IndustryAt the end of World War Two, many countries, including the United Kingdom, Japan, France and Germany were suffering from an acute hold shortage. It was at this while that the custom of groundless propose vane was introduced into the bodily structure industry by development it as a cladding system within the building of steel shut in pre-fab houses. These pre-fabs were poorly intentional with little insulation make cold bridging and ultimately condensation and dampness within the interior of the buildings. This has guide to many of these buildings universe dismantled and tralatitious brick homes constructed in their place. Despite this, with improved insulation, clarification pot steel has continued to be employ as an infill structure on multi storey buildings built from hot trilled steel or concrete rears. Commercial and retail buildings in partic ular continued to benefit from its various capabilities, utilise it as a cladding system which batch be boded into many different shapes. In the USA, since 1990 over 20% of all affordable homes are now built using this rule acting and it is still growing year on year (Koones, 2006). However, in the UK, we are not using advances in technology as we should be, meaning the buildings that we construct are responsible for almost half(prenominal) of our carbon copy emissions, half of our water consumption, around a third of our landfill waste and a quarter of all raw materials apply in the UK (Smith R A, et al. 2003). This means that the UKs sustainable development targets cannot be met without a fundamental change to the trend in which buildings are constructed. The national targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions and the drive for buildings that generate zero carbon in ope dimensionn present a huge challenge to the building industry (Corus. Sustainable Steel edifice). These drivers hold up forced the industry to radically change the way in which it constructs its buildings developing other forms of eddy to comply with new building regulations and sustainability issues.Advances in technology have led to improved building spirits modify many of the problems that were associated with deject gauge steel in previous buildings to be overcome. Other forms of construction have also evolved, most of which are now capable of be make upd in a manufacturing plant and shipped to the billet ready for assembly. These are known as Modern Methods of structure (MMC) and their use has been encouraged by Government and the construct enquiry Establishment (BRE) due to their impact on the environment and benefits to the end user. In 2006, the MMC market split was 414 meg for volumetric (establish on manufacturers selling price), 52,797 tincture frame units (houses and commercial), 61 million for vague gauge steel frame (which equates to around 6,100 units ), 750 SIPS units (estimate) (BRE 2nd March 09).Today the properties of light gauge steel are being utilised, not only as a cladding system barely as a complete building product, replacing bricks and blocks with thin studs of steel wintry together to form non-load bearing or load bearing borders. The studs that are used are formed by crimp the strips of galvanised, light gauge steel into the required shape, of which there are many. The most common shape being C sections which are usually formed for use within walls. These vary in size from 40 225 mm and between 0.56 3.2mm in diameter depending on whether or not they are to be used in exterior, interior, load bearing or non-load bearing elements of the building. The steel used is galvanized, providing it with a protective cultivation for midland applications and has a standard coating of G275 (275 grams/m2). As it is only suitable for interior applications whence the stallion light gauge steel structure has to be en unlike able within a protective covering. This is referred to as the envelope or a warm frame structure and is formed using insulation and a protective vapour barrier. The warm frame structure enables the building to have excellent thermal properties, excel the minimum U-Value levels of the Building Regulations 2000. Within the UK the design code for light gauge steel is BS9590 part 5 European design code is Eurocode 3 part 1.3 these are intended to be set of skillful rules for the design of buildings using this regularity of construction.Light gauge steel has the best strength to weight ratio over any other building material and these high strength to weight ratios equate to cardinal tonnes of steel achieving the same performance as 120 tonnes of concrete (SCI, 2007) and as a consequence of its light weight, dependant on ground conditions, less substantial foundations, even the use of prefabricated ground beams assembled to form the foundations whitethorn be suitable. Its light weight also inevitably means fewer deliveries to site, in turn causing less disruption to the local community.There are a number of ways in which the elements of a light gauge steel building can be constructed, one of which has taken its name from timber framed buildings where each element of the building is cut to length and fixed together on site. This is referred to as stick building and is a very labour intensive manner which, along with a carpenter for timber frames, requires several years of training. This is similar to traditional construction but instead replacing the bricks and plaster with light gauge steel, a good method for one off buildings but it also prevents the benefits gained by off site manufacture to be achieved. The opposite to stick building is the volumetric system. This is the most manufactory based form of construction and involves the delivery on site of, usually, a complete room in full fitted out with all fixtures and fittings. This minimises on site insta llation work and only requires the individual pods to be fixed together increasing the rate of construction of the building. This form of construction is very good for buildings where a recurrent style of room is required such as student accommodation blocks or a hospital. When the design of a building is more complex then the cost of producing individual pods significantly rises. The factory based fabrication of the pods ensures a high standard of workmanship with a precision of +0 to -2mm tolerance being achievable and also minimises the traffic, waste, labour, and time spent constructing the buildings resulting in savings for the developer whilst minimising the impact on the environment.The open circuit board method is another design used with light gauge steel structures. It involves the assembly of the walls, floor or ceiling within a factory based environment and delivered to the site when needed. All insulation, services, cladding and internal finishes are then fitted on s ite. The direct factory based savings for the open panel method is reduced due to the fact that the superstructure of a building only amounts to about 15% of the total construction costs. Any savings made using the system would be modest but the reduced time spent on site related to the use of this method would be where the savings would be made.The closed panel method also involves the production of the elements of the building within a factory but bequeath also have the insulation and vapour barrier fixed to it. The services, internal finishes, doors, windows etc may also be in place and the different elements of the building would only require fixing together on site which is usually achieved, as in other methods, by welding, riveting, screwing or crimping.Costs of MMC have been boring as a barrier to the progression of their use and the Barker Review of Housing Supplies (2004) stated that At the present time, traditional brick and block methods of construction re primary(preno minal) cheaper, in many cases, than modern methods of construction, including off-site manufacture (OSM). Only four years later a 2008 BRE describe (SmartLIFE Lessons Learned), published its findings on a take flight project in the Fenland district of Cambridgeshire. It found that light gauge steel construction was in fact, cheaper than the traditional method of brick and block and also that of other MMC used, including timber framed and insulated concrete formwork. According to the SmartLIFE report the advantage of an ongoing partnership and understanding between the light gauge steel manufacturer and the main contractor was a factor in the methods cost effectiveness. The SmartLIFE project was undertaken to find the best ways the UK can deliver a greater volume of sustainable, affordable and high quality homes in less time, using both traditional and innovative methods of construction.In comparison to other MMC, light gauge steels long roof and floor span capabilities also add t o its diversity. Rooms can be changed around within the building by simply moving interior walls which do not require demolition as contrary to other methods. They can also be disassembled and reused or recycled unlike, for example, insulated concrete formwork walls. Whilst there are benefits to using light gauge steel there are also disadvantages including the metallic elements thermal conductivity. Unlike a timber framed building, heat can quickly conduct across a metal stud and with many studs in a wall this can reduce the temperature within a room ensuring the u value of the wall is reduced. To rectify this additional exterior insulation is required at extra cost to the developer. There are also fears about corrosion problems. If the building is not kept within its warm envelope then deterioration of the metal could be a problem. A counter argument is that timber rots far easier and faster than metal and timber can also be a food source for a medley of animals.The electric co nduciveness of the frame also means that extra work is needed to ensure the wiring does not come into contact with the frame. In modular and closed panel construction this would be undertaken in factory conditions and would be easily overcome but with on site installation it inevitably means nevertheless responsibility falls on to the sub-contractor electrician. Perhaps the most serious of its disadvantages is the thermal conductivity of the metal frame and its ability to cause the structure to collapse. To tackle this problem the fixing of two layers of gypsum plasterboard at staggered joints gives the metal frame a fire resistant time suitable to exceed the minimum fire preventative requirements of Part B (Fire Safety) of the Building Regulations 2000. The acoustic performance of light gauge steel has also been questioned but the obligatory double layer of plasterboard also takes the level of acoustic performance past the necessary requirements outlined in Part E (Resistance to the passage of sound) of the Building Regulations 2000. The high embodied energy of light gauge steel is also a disadvantage to people who have no knowledge of its reusability and recyclability. To calculate the embodied energy within construction components the World Steel Association uses the system expansion method of lifecycle assessment, which is the preferred approach of the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) 14040 series of environmental standards. Although it is high in parity to other MMC it is its ability of indefinite re-use and recycling without its qualities ever decreasing which differentiates it from all other methods of construction.Unlike traditional forms of construction light gauge steel benefits from low waste, adaptability, off site manufacture, re-usability, recyclability and option efficiency reservation it one of the most sustainable building methods available within the UK. The buildings that can be produced by this method are light, op en and very adaptable meaning old buildings would not have to be demolished when they are deemed unsuitable. The interiors would be simply rearranged to meet the end users requirements thus prolonging the life span of the building.Light gauge steel can and does exceed the requirements of todays low level building requirements and in conjunction with other methods of construction its benefits are also widened to medium and high rise buildings. However, a number of barriers will have to be overcome if light gauge steel is to become a prominent method of construction. Consumer confidence and the scar of pre-fab buildings will have to be improved upon which can only be achieved by educating the consumer on the benefits of light gauge steel, including its whole life cycle properties. Finally financial aspects will have to be challenged including owe lenders and insurers who will essentially become a part of the education system. Their own education in the use of light gauge steel will enable them to encourage the use of and be involved in the progression of Modern Methods of Construction.BibliographyAMA Research Ltd, Current Practices and Future Potential in Modern Methods of Construction, waste and resources carry out programme. (2007)Barker K, Review of Housing Supply, Delivering Stability Securing Our Future Housing Needs. Final Report and Recommendations, (2004), HM Treasury.BRE, Assessing the Sustainability of Prefabricated Construction Techniques Building Research Establishment, (2003)BRE, Designing Quality Buildings, HIS BRE Press, (2007)CABE. Design and Modern Methods of Construction Commission for the Built Environment, (2004)Communities and local anesthetic Government, Code for Sustainable Homes, Technical Guide, Department for Communities and Local Government, (2009)Corus BCSA. Sustainable Steel Construction, Building a sustainable future, (date unknown)Corus. Start Building With Fnished Rooms, Modular Building System, (2006).Currie D M, The use of L ight- Gauge Cold Formed Steelwork in Construction, developments in research and design, Bre report, IHS BRE Press, (1989)Davison B Owens G, Steel Designers Manual, Blackwell publishing, Sixth Edition, The Steel Construction Institute, (2003)Dye A et al, environmental Construction Handbook, RIBA, (2008)GRUBB P J et al, Light Steel Framing in Residential Construction, SCI Publication P301, (date unknown)GVA Grimley, Cities, medico Carbon The Role of Property, (2009)Koones, S. (2006), Steel Frames Enter the Mainstream, Free Press, Smart Home Owner, May/June 2006.ODPM, Sustainable Communities Building for the Future, social occasion of the Deputy Prime Minister, (2003)Perkins M Z, The Utilization of Light Gauge Steel In Residetial Construction In The State Of Utah, Thesis, (2009)Ross Keith et al, A Guide to Modern Methods of Construction, NHBC Foundation, HIS BRE Press, (2006)ROSS Keith, Modern Methods of House Construction. Building Research Establishment, (2005)Sir thaumaturgy E gan. Rethinking Construction, Report of the Construction Task Force, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. (1998)Sir John Egan, Egan Review of Skills for Sustainable Communities Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, (2004)SmartLIFE Lessons Learned, (2008), HIS BRE Press. BRE Report BR500Smith R A, et al, The Construction Industry Mass Balance resource use, wastes and emissions, Viridis Report VR4 (Revised), 2003, ISSN 1478-0143Steel Construction Sector Sustainability Committee. Sustainable Steel Construction Building a correct Future. (2001)The Steel Construction Institute, Handbook of Structural Steelwork, 4th Edition, The British Constructional Steelwork Association Limited, (2007)TRADA, Manual for the Design of note Building Structures to EuroCode 5, (2007)Modern Methods of Construction, Evolution or Revolution? BURA, (2005)Unknown author, http//www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/ (2009), Her Majestys Treasury, accessed 9th celestial latitude 2009.Unknown author, http//www.planningportal.g ov.uk/england/public/ (2009), HMSO, accessed 9th December 2009Unknown author, http//www.communities.gov.uk/corporate/, (2009), accessed 3rd December 2009Unknown Author, http//www.hexaport.com/ (2009), Hexaport International, accessed 7th December 2009Unknown author, http//www.bre.co.uk/ (2000 2009), The Building Research Establishment Trust, accessed 9th December 2009Unknown author, http//www.azobuild.com/ (2009), AZoM.com Pty Ltd, accessed 8th December 2009

Content-based Image Retrieval (CBIR) System

substance- found chain recuperation (CBIR) system of rulesChapter 1. IntroductionNowadays, in the about of argonas it is necessary to work with greathearted amounts of growing ocular and multimedia data, at the same time, the number of work out and video files on the ne devilrk is quite big and is still rising very rapidly. Searching through with(predicate) this data is absolutely vital. So, there is a high demand on the tools for watch retrieving, which are found on visual information, instead than simple text edition- base queries. Content-establish film Retrieval (CBIR) consists of retrieving the nearly visually similar checks to a given query attend from a database or group of protrude files. It is a quite reusable thing in a lot of areas such as Photography which may involve construe search from the large digital photo galleries Medicine it is utilise to assist in diagnosis. In roughly of diseases, their visual characteristics carry diagnostic information and visually similar chain of mountainss correspond to the same disease category. The production of a CBIR governance peck help to forge a decision (Tahmoush, 2007) Military detection of competitor soldiers or vehicles from screen photographs Crime prevention it helps police in suspicious peoples identification from large take to databases and in ensure recuperation of crime scene photos (Wen, 2005) Geography frequently use in geographic information systems (GIS) (Hafiane, 2006) and more others.CBIR has been a subject of intense research over the locomote 15 years. It is i of the most difficult research areas in multimedia computing and information retrieval. During the research history many various pattern matching, indexing and retrieval algorithms have been tried. Practice shows that drug user queries described by visual information are more effective and more precisely meet user needs, than standard text search queries. It is because visual information is clo ser to the humans perception of the world.1.1 CBIR SystemsMany CBIR systems and tools have been developed to make queries based on visual capacitance. During the 90-ies some(prenominal) notable commercial systems were introduced. IBM developed Query By Image Content (QBIC) system, which lets user to make queries of large image databases based on visual image slip properties such asExample imagesUser-constructed sketches and drawingsSelected straining and texture patterns. (Flickner, 1995)Soon after that Virage Image Search locomotive of Virage Inc. was developed, which provides an open framework for building systems that explicitly manages image assets by directly representing their visual attributes. (Bach, 1996)Several online nub-based web search engines quarter also be mentioned. WebSEEk developed by Image and Advanced Tele vision Lab, capital of South Carolina University. It allows making queries by example and by desired wile composition. Chabot, Developed by Departme nt of calculator Science, University of California, which allows to search by food colourings, but offers limited options such as choosing one dominant color. (Veltkamp, 2002)Global recollection Net (GMNet) was launched for public access in late June 2006. It is a digital library of cultural, historical, and heritage image collections. Among other text-based searching types this web library has a possibility to search by image content. It has two elementary options for content based searching. Search by example image, based on its color and square off and by user drawing. For CBIR, GMNet uses rest developed by Prof. James Z. Wang of Penn State University. (Chen 2006)Different CBIR systems use various types of user queries. Typically tools for the content-based image retrieval consist of query statement and a result origination this query can be done by providing an example image a sketch, or by choosing desired colors for the image. Results are presented by the top several similar images based on the analogy measure.1.2 Research QuestionsDespite the large number of CBIR systems developed, there are still a lot of challenging problems in this area. The key sides that still need to be improved are speed of retrieving, when working with the large databases, accuracy and effectiveness of the retrieved results. So the researchers from multiple disciplines are deeply concerned with these aspects.Comparisons by image content are much more complicated task than by textual data. Generally, content-based image retrievals are based on comparison of image content descriptors that represent visual bears of the image. Different suffers can be used to meet the image descriptor. To meet specific user needs and in various causal agents some of them are more effective than others. Sometimes the executing simplicity is as important as retrieval accuracy and effectiveness.Based on the previous discussion, research questions are the followingWhat are the basic ret rieval techniques? What kindly of features are usually used? How the features are obtained from the image? How these features are matched? How the retrieval results are presented to the user? How unblemished can be the algorithms, which are relatively easy to implement?1.3 ObjectivesThe CBIR research often involves two areas computer vision and database systems. The database systems part studies database indexing, searching and retrieval techniques and computer vision part is about image processing, obtaining the image descriptors and image matching. In order to answer the research questions this utterance focuses on a computer vision part.Image processing and image transformations are used by CBIR systems in order to extract image descriptors. CBIR systems are based on different image features descriptors matching. Some of these systems perform image comparison by multiple features at the same time and some of them use only one feature.In this dissertation we are going away to i nvestigate what are the basic techniques used in CBIR systems, which are based on different feature descriptors. We will make a detailed overview of these basic methods. We are also going to implement one of the most effective algorithms in the CBIR field. This is Scale Invariant Feature diversify (SIFT) algorithm (Lowe, 2004) and see how effective and accurate it can be.Chapter 2. Literature Survey2.1 CBIR systems typical architectureTypical CBIR system has two main functionalities. This is Data insertion and query processing.Data insertion procedures are performed independent of user interaction. They are applied to all the data. The purpose of this process is to extract visual features from the images in the database. These features are evidently smaller than the actual image and they are then stored for easy comparison reasons, as a characterizers of individually image.Query processing starts with user specific request. Request can be done in several ways By an example image, by giving desired pattern or object, color diffusion and etc. Query processing module obtains the visual features from the given request, metric is defined. Then similarity is mensurable based on the chosen metric and some set of the most similar images are .Features descent itself involves, selecting the features that have to be extracted, it depends on the type of user query. The feature extracting algorithm is chosen to create the feature vector from the selected features. Eventually, image descriptor is formed which are then used to compare the images. (Torres, 2006)2.2 Semantic hoo-hahBasically, similarity searching between the images is based on low-altitude and higher-levels of queries. (Eakins, 1996)Low-Level Similarity in this case visual features to describe the image are primitives such as color, texture and shape.Higher-Levels, Semantic Similarity at higher levels, similarity searching is not based on a simple features. In this case images are described by higher level of semantic attributes. This involves identification of the object types depicted in the image.These two levels of queries form the problem called semantic gap. Semantic gap can be defined in the following wayThe semantic gap is the lack of coincidence between the information that one can extract from the visual data and the interpretation that the same data has for a user in a given situation. (Datta, 2008)In another terminology, images with high low-level feature similarities may still be different in terms of user perception. So similarity by low-level features, not always repute semantic similarity of these images.2.3 Content Comparison TechniquesThis dissertation is concerned with low-level similarity features extraction .CBIR for low-level similarity queries needs techniques which can be used to obtain the image content descriptors to compare images based on their color, texture and shape. likeness Image content comparison by color is based on matching images by their color distribution. In this case image feature identifies the proportion of pixels of specific color or colors within an image. So one can make color searches by indicating desired concentration of colors or by an example image with desired color distribution and undertake similar images. Color histograms are widely used to extract the color distribution descriptors from the image. It is a statistic of the color of pixels in the image. First color distribution is represented by appropriate color histogram, and then color vector is formed from that histogram. Lets discuss several color feature extraction histograms.Conventional Color Histogram (CCH) This histogram consists of occurrences of each color in the image. Each pixel is associated to only one its own histogram bin only on the basis of its own color. This color histogram uses the probability mass function of the image pixel intensities. (Suhasini, 2009)Fuzzy Color Histogram (FCH) as an opposite to CCH, in FCH each pixel is associated to all bins of histogram with different degrees of membership depending on color similarity of the pixel. This is done by fuzzy-set membership function. (ferone, 2008)Color Correlogram (CC) color correlogram of an image is a table which is indexed by color pairs, where the d-th entry of (i,j) cell shows the probability of finding the color j at a aloofness of d from a pixel of color i in the image extracting. Such a feature from the image is tolerant to the changes in appearance of the same scene which can be caused by changing the viewing positions, but color correlogram is more difficult to compute than color histograms. (Huang, 1997)Texture Retrieval by image texture in a similar to color-based feature extraction, but it looks for visual patterns in images rather than colors. So it looks at homogeneity that is not a result of a single color posture or intensity of a pixel value. Sometimes it also provides more spatial information.The most basic method used to extr act the texture descriptor from the image is based on Fourier Transform. The initial image is transformed by the Fourier function. As the method works on digital images, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is used. DFT converts images from the spatial domain into the frequency domain, where all the spatial frequencies of the original image are represented. In another words this transformed image shows intensity variations over a number of pixels. Transformed data is grouped to obtain several measures from it. Then descriptor is formed of these measures and is used for comparison. (Nixon, 2007)Shape Shape-based image retrieval comparison looks at shapes of regions within an image and searches for the shapes similar to given as in a query image. Edge and discern detections are important parts for the shape feature extraction. These edges and blobs are points or regions in the image that are either brighter or darker than the surrounding. Several methods are used for shape-based image re trieval, which involve different kind of image filtering and image transformations.One of the most effective algorithms for shape-based image retrieval is Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm, which was first developed by David Lowe in 1999, at the University of British Colombia. It takes a single image as an input and returns a set of detected image features. In SIFT algorithm image filtering is based on Gaussian function. After image filtering SIFT uses Difference of Gaussian (DoG) pyramid for blob (keypoint) detection. The image feature descriptor, which is called keypoint descriptor is 128 element feature vector and formed of gradient magnitudes and orientations computed for the area around the determine keypoints. (Lowe, 2004)Chapter 3. Research Method3.1 Research approachMathematical methods play key role in the most of CBIR algorithms. Often mathematical solution of the problem is difficult or impossible to implement practically, therefore it is important to as sess the method in practice. Thats why Experimental approach will be used in this dissertation. This method of primary research forces to experience and overcome all the difficulties that can appear during the practical implementation of theory. It requires focusing on the details of algorithm and clearly shows advantages and disadvantages of the particular algorithm. It also gives possibility to assess the instruments used in experiment, which are not less important than algorithm itself.In this dissertation, one of the CBIR algorithms for shape-based image retrieval will be implemented for a number of images and the results will be assessed3.2 Tools and Technologies usedThis study focuses on the algorithm which involves image processing. It will be implemented under the Microsoft .net framework platform and using GDI+ and C programming language. .Net framework provides managed interface for GDI+ therefore its relatively easy to process images using this platform. Microsoft Visual studio .Net will be used as an IDE. This experiment will also show how useful can be .net framework library and C language for image processing purpose.ReferencesBach J., Fuler C., Gupta A., Hampapur A., Horowitz B., Humphrey R., Jain R., Shu C., (1996) The virage image search engine An open framework for image management SPIE Conference on Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video DatabasesChen Ch. Ch. (2006),Using Tomorrows Retrieval Technology to Explore the Heritage Bonding Past and coming(prenominal) in the Case of Global Memory Net available at http//ifla.queenslibrary.org/IV/ifla72/papers/097-Chen-en.pdf go away accessed on 24th folk 2009Datta R., Joshi D., Li J. and Wang J. Z. 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